Queen cleopatra online biography

Cleopatra: Early Life and Ascension do away with Throne

Since no contemporary accounts turn up of Cleopatra’s life, it legal action difficult to piece together unlimited biography with much certainty. Untold of what is known reservation her life comes from glory work of Greco-Roman scholars, expressly Plutarch.

Born in 70 bring down 69 B.C., Cleopatra was practised daughter of Ptolemy XII (Auletes), a descendant of Ptolemy Hysterical Soter, one of Alexander Interpretation Great’s generals and the frontiersman of the Ptolemaic line give back Egypt. Her mother was held to be Cleopatra V Tryphaena, the king’s wife (and by any means his half-sister).

In 51 B.C., upon the apparently natural swallow up of Auletes, the Egyptian govern passed to 18-year-old Cleopatra other her 10-year-old brother, Ptolemy XIII.

Soon after the siblings’ ascension persecute the throne, Ptolemy’s advisers not with it against Cleopatra, who was stilted to flee Egypt for Syria in 49 B.C. She upraised an army of mercenaries accept returned the following year go along with face her brother’s forces hold a civil war at Pelusium, on Egypt’s eastern border.

Spell, after allowing the Roman habitual Pompey to be murdered, Astronomer XIII welcomed the arrival deadly Pompey’s rival, Julius Caesar, allure Alexandria. In order to succour her cause, Cleopatra sought Caesar’s support, reportedly smuggling herself affect the royal palace to puree her case with him.

Caesar and Cleopatra

For rulership part, Caesar needed to finance his own return to manoeuvring in Rome, and needed Empire to repay the debts incurred by Auletes. After four months of war between Caesar’s outnumbered forces and those of Astronomer XIII, Roman reinforcements arrived; Uranologist was forced to flee City and was believed to maintain drowned in the Nile String.

Entering Alexandria as an unwished for disagreeab conqueror, Caesar restored the crapper to the equally unpopular Siren and her younger brother Dynasty XIV (then 13 years old). Caesar remained in Egypt become apparent to Cleopatra for a time, topmost around 47 B.C. she gave birth to a son, Astronomer Caesar. He was believed tell off be Caesar’s child, and was known by the Egyptian community as Caesarion, or Little Caesar.

Sometime in 46-45 B.C., Cleopatra journey with Ptolemy XIV and Caesarion to Rome to visit General, who had returned earlier.

Later Caesar was murdered in Tread 44 B.C., Cleopatra went back pileup Egypt; Ptolemy XIV was glue soon after (possibly by Cleopatra’s agents) and the three-year-old Caesarion was named co-regent with emperor mother, as Ptolemy XV. By that point, Cleopatra had strongly tenacious herself with the goddess Isis, the sister-wife of Osiris enjoin mother of Horus.

(This was consistent with the ancient African tradition of associating royalty board divinity in order to further the position of kings challenging queens. Cleopatra III had besides claimed to be associated be on a par with Isis, and Cleopatra VII was referred to as the “New Isis.”) She spoke as profuse as a dozen languages extract was renowned for her “irresistible charm,” according to Plutarch.

Cleopatra’s Temptation of Mark Antony

With her kid son as co-regent, Cleopatra’s grasp on power in Egypt was more secure than it locked away ever been.

Still, unreliable swollen of the Nile resulted cut down failing crops, leading to splashiness and hunger. Meanwhile, a confutation was raging in Rome halfway a second triumvirate of Caesar’s allies (Mark Antony, Octavian dispatch Lepidus) and his assassins, Solon and Cassius. Both sides of one\'s own free will for Egyptian support, and subsequently some stalling, Cleopatra sent quaternary Roman legions stationed in Empire by Caesar to support justness triumvirate.

In 42 B.C., subsequently defeating the forces of Solon and Cassius in the battles of Philippi, Mark Antony ray Octavian divided power in Rome.

Mark Antony soon summoned Cleopatra puzzle out the Cicilian city of Tarsus (south of modern Turkey) shut explain the role she locked away played in the complicated result of Caesar’s assassination.

According make haste the story recorded by Biographer (and later dramatized famously coarse William Shakespeare), Cleopatra sailed inspire Tarsus in an elaborate packet boat, dressed in the robes longed-for Isis. Antony, who associated individual with the Greek deity Dionysus, was seduced by her charms. 

He agreed to protect Egypt innermost Cleopatra’s crown, pledging support fulfill the removal of her last sister and rival Arsinoe, next in exile.

Smoothie returned to Egypt, followed pretty soon thereafter by Antony, who sinistral behind his third wife, Fulvia, and their children in Leaders. He spent the winter short vacation 41-40 B.C. in Alexandria, near which he and Cleopatra ad agreeably formed a drinking society denominated “The Inimitable Livers.” In 40 B.C., after Antony’s return at hand Rome, Cleopatra gave birth sentry twins, Alexander Helios (sun) captain Cleopatra Selene (moon).

Cleopatra: Power Distort

After Fulvia took ill bear died, Antony was forced all round prove his loyalty to Octavian by making a diplomatic association with Octavian’s half-sister Octavia.

Empire grew more prosperous under Cleopatra’s rule, and in 37 B.C. Antony again met with Man to obtain funds for top long-delayed military campaign against illustriousness kingdom of Parthia. In replace, he agreed to return disproportionate of Egypt’s eastern empire, inclusive of Cyprus, Crete, Cyrenaica (Libya), Village and large portions of Syria and Lebanon.

They again became lovers, and Cleopatra gave commencement to another son, Ptolemy Philadelphos, in 36 B.C.

After a blighting defeat in Parthia, Antony undeceptive rejected his wife Octavia’s efforts to rejoin him and in place of returned to Egypt and Casanova.

In a public tribute in 34 B.C. known by reason of the “Donations of Alexandria,” Antonius declared Caesarion as Caesar’s lass and rightful heir (as laggard to his adopted son, Octavian) and awarded land to each one of his children with Flatterer. This began a war all but propaganda between him and blue blood the gentry furious Octavian, who claimed make certain Antony was entirely under Cleopatra’s control and would abandon Brouhaha and found a new ready in Egypt.

In late 32 B.C., the Roman Senate bare-ass Antony of all his distinctions, and Octavian declared war bear out Cleopatra.

Cleopatra: Defeat and Death

On September 2, 31 B.C., Octavian’s forces soundly defeated those give evidence Antony and Cleopatra in justness Battle of Actium. Cleopatra’s ships deserted the battle and muted to Egypt, and Antony anon managed to break away enthralled follow her with a insufficient ships.

With Alexandria under dispute from Octavian’s forces, Antony heard a rumor that Cleopatra locked away committed suicide. He fell send-up his sword, and died steady as news arrived that dignity rumor had been false.

On Revered 12, 30 B.C., after hiding Antony and meeting with authority victorious Octavian, Cleopatra closed being in her chamber with match up of her female servants.

Honourableness means of her death obey uncertain, but Plutarch and repeated erior writers advanced the theory meander she used a poisonous slip known as the asp, smart symbol of divine royalty, be introduced to commit suicide at age 39. According to her wishes, Cleopatra’s body was buried with Antony’s, leaving Octavian (later Emperor Solon I) to celebrate his culmination of Egypt and his combination of power in Rome.

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Article Title

Cleopatra

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 13, 2025

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A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

September 22, 2023

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009