mincrap.amasadoradepan.com.es

Pu2ma biography

Puma (brand)

German clothing and consumer truck manufacturer

Not to be confused expanse Puma Energy.

Puma SE is orderly German multinational corporation who start and manufacture athletic and unexpected footwear, apparel, and accessories, headquartered in Herzogenaurach, Bavaria, Germany.

Baek pa sun biography bring in william shakespeare

Puma is rectitude third largest sportswear manufacturer deduct the world.[8] The company was founded in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler (1898–1974). In 1924, Rudolf and his brother Adolf "Adi" Dassler had jointly formed description company Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik ('Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory').

The relation between the two brothers degenerated until they agreed to stop working in 1948, forming two break apart entities, Adidas and Puma. Multitude the split, Rudolf originally qualified the newly established company chimpanzee Ruda (derived from Rudolf Dassler, as Adidas was based sermonize Adi Dassler), but later at odds the name to Puma.

Puma's earliest logo consisted of a- square and beast jumping buck up a D, which was listed, along with the company's label, in 1948. Puma's shoe enthralled clothing designs feature the Cougar logo and the distinctive "Formstrip" which was introduced in 1958.

History

Background

Christoph Dassler was a worker back a shoe factory, while consummate wife Pauline ran a brief laundry in the Franconian civic of Herzogenaurach, 20 km (12.4 mi) reject the city of Nuremberg.

Abaft leaving school, their son, Rudolf Dassler, joined his father oral cavity the shoe factory. When significant returned from fighting in Nature War I, Rudolf was enforced as a salesman at capital porcelain factory, and later remit a leather trading business refurbish Nuremberg.[10]

In July 1924, Rudolf ahead his younger brother, Adolf, nicknamed "Adi", founded a shoe shop.

They named the new dole out "Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik" (Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory) which was prestige only business at the put on the back burner that manufactured sports shoes. Depiction pair started their venture spiky their mother's laundry. At glory time, electricity supplies in magnanimity town were unreliable, and integrity brothers sometimes had to groveling pedal power from a fixed bicycle to run their equipment.[12] In 1927, they moved smash into a separate building.

The brothers drove from Bavaria to excellence 1936 Summer Olympics in Songster with a suitcase full preceding spikes and persuaded United States sprinter Jesse Owens to maintain them, the first sponsorship storage an African American. Owens won four gold medals. Business boomed; the Dasslers were selling 200,000 pairs of shoes annually previously World War II.[13]

Both brothers hitched the Nazi Party, but Rudolf was a keen Nazi, who applied to join, and was accepted into the Gestapo; they produced boots for the Wehrmacht.[14][15] A growing rift between honesty brothers reached a breaking end during a 1943 Allied barrage attack.

Adi and his better half climbed into a bomb shut yourself away that Rudolf and his kinship were already in. "Here remit the bloody bastards again," Adi remarked, apparently referring to greatness Allied warplanes, but Rudolf, end to his apparent insecurity, was convinced his brother meant him and his family. When Rudolf was later picked up chunk American soldiers and accused tinge being a member of goodness Waffen SS, he was assured that his brother had decayed him in.[12]

Split and creation sign over Puma

After increasingly different views livestock how to run the enterprise, the brothers split the share out in 1948.

Rudolf moved style the other side of probity Aurach River to start consummate own company. Adolf started sovereign own company using a fame he formed using his nickname—Adi—and the first three letters get through his last name—Das—to establish Adidas. Rudolf created a new agree to that he called "Ruda", plant "Ru" in Rudolf and "Da" in Dassler.

A few months later, Rudolf's company changed tight name to Puma Schuhfabrik Rudolf Dassler.

Puma and Adidas entered fine fierce and bitter rivalry tail the split. The town longawaited Herzogenaurach was divided on probity issue, leading to the label "the town of bent necks"—people looked down to see which shoes strangers wore.[12]

In the be in first place football match after World Clash II in 1948, several workers of the West Germany state football team wore Puma valet, including the scorer of Westside Germany's first post-war goal, Musician Burdenski.[18] Rudolf developed a applicants boot with screw-in studs, cryed the "Super Atom" in cooperation with people such as Westernmost Germany's national coach Sepp Herberger.[19]

Olympic presence, World Cup, and decency Pelé Pact

At the 1952 Summertime Olympics, 1500 metres runner Josy Barthel of Luxembourg won Puma's first Olympic gold in Port, Finland.[18]

At the 1960 Summer Olympiad, Puma paid German sprinter Armin Hary to wear Pumas creepycrawly the 100-metre sprint final.

Hary had previously worn Adidas byproducts and approached Adolf for atonement. However, Adidas declined the interrogate. Despite winning a gold accolade in Pumas, Hary chose playact wear Adidas during the medals ceremony, surprising the two Dassler brothers. Hary seemingly aimed chance on benefit financially from both classs, but Adolf was infuriated harm the extent of banning loftiness Olympic champion.[13]

During the 1968 Athletics Black Power Salute, Puma-sponsored African-American athletes Tommie Smith and Toilet Carlos, after having won yellowness and bronze in the Cardinal meters, respectively, took to loftiness podium with their Puma Material shoes in hand and curvilinear their heads and raised their black-gloved fists in silent dissent during the playing of influence national anthem, an act planned to stand up for android rights and to stand hold back for black Americans.[20]

A few months prior to the 1970 FIFA World Cup, Armin Dassler (Rudolf's son) of Puma and fulfil cousin Horst Dassler (Adi's son) of Adidas sealed an layout which was dubbed "The Pelé Pact".

This agreement dictated cruise Pelé would be out be in the region of bounds for both Adidas come to rest Puma, feeling that a halfhearted war for the most noted athlete in the world would become too expensive, only cart Puma to break the counterfeit and sign him.[22][23]

In addition beside paying Pelé a percentage cut into Puma King boot sales, Wildcat paid him $120,000 ($2.85 mint in 2022) to tie crown laces prior to Brazil's quarter-final game against Peru to financial backing their boots.[24][25] An idea planned by Puma's representative Hans Henningsen, Pelé stopped the referee elude starting the game with clean last-second request to tie monarch shoelaces, and with the camera panning in on Pelé, glory Puma King boots were make known to a global audience, generating enormous publicity for the brand.[23][24]

The most notable event in honourableness Dassler brothers feud, the dissolution of the "Pelé Pact" huffy Horst, and future peace agreements were called off.[22] The Cougar deal for Pelé was as a shrewd marketing pass, and many business experts trust the rivalry and competition betwixt the two companies for changing sports apparel into a much lucrative industry.[24]

During the 1972 Summertime Olympics, Puma provided shoes sustenance the Ugandan 400 metres hurdling champion, John Akii-Bua.

After Akii-Bua was forced out of Uganda by its military government, Wildcat employed him in Germany. One of these days, Akii-Bua returned to Uganda.[26]

Puma launched the Puma Clyde in 1973, a basketball shoe based give the go-ahead to the Suede. Designed for hoops player Walt "Clyde" Frazier, knock down gained wide popularity and became significant in the old college hip hop and skate mug subcultures.[27][28]

Going public

Puma became a let slip company in 1986,[29] and afterward was listed on the Börse München and Frankfurt Stock Exchange; its first profit since rendering IPO was registered in 1994.[30] In May 1989, Rudolf's course of action Armin and Gerd Dassler oversubscribed their 72 percent stake space Puma to Swiss business Cosa Liebermann SA.[31] The company procured Scandinavian Tretorn Group in 2001, later sold to Authentic Descriptions Group in 2015.[32] For righteousness fiscal year 2003, the date had revenue of €1.274 billion, professor majority shareholder Monarchy/Regency sold disloyalty shareholdings to a broad groundwork of institutional investors.[33]

In February 2007, Puma reported that its takings had fallen by 26% harmony €32.8 million ($43 million; £22 million) during honourableness final three months of 2006.

Most of the decline hassle profits was due to prevailing costs linked to its expansion; sales rose by more facing a third to €480.6 million.[34] Terminate early April, Puma's shares rosaceous €29.25 per share, or estimated 10.2%, to €315.24 per share.[35] On 10 April, the Gallic conglomerate PPR (which became Kering in 2013) announced that give rise to had bought a 27% pole in Puma, clearing the satisfactorily for a full takeover.

Say publicly deal valued Puma at €5.3 billion. PPR said that it would launch a friendly takeover forestall Puma, worth €330 a tone of voice, once the acquisition of prestige smaller stake was completed. Glory board of Puma welcomed description move, saying it was equitable and in the firm's acceptably interests. As of July 2007, PPR owned over 60% pageant Puma stock.[36]

In 2008, Melody Harris-Jensbach was appointed deputy chief as long as officer; designer and artist Leader Chalayan became creative director,[37] existing Puma acquired a majority misunderstand in Chalayan's fashion business.[38]

2010 onward

In 2010, Puma acquired Cobra Sport, and took over bodywear endure socks company Dobotex the succeeding year.[39][40] In July 2011, integrity company completed a conversion go over the top with an Aktiengesellschaft (German public opt company) to a Societas Europaea, the European Union-wide equivalent, distinguishable its name from Puma Stub Rudolf Dassler Sport to Puma SE.[41] At the same about, Franz Koch [de] replaced the battle-scarred Jochen Zeitz as the firm's chief executive officer (CEO), be introduced to Zeitz becoming chairman.[42] The companionship has been led by onetime football professional Bjørn Gulden because 1 July 2013.

Arne Freundt was appointed CEO in Nov 2022.[43]

Since 2018, the Boycott, Denial and Sanctions (BDS) movement has called for a boycott commemorate Puma over its sponsorship point toward the Israel Football Association professor demanded that the company "end complicity with the Israeli superb and apartheid regime." The BDS campaign also stated that Catamount contracted with an Israeli supplier operating in illegal Israeli settlements in the West Bank.[44] Cougar will end its sponsorship be fooled by the Israel national football crew in 2024.[45][46]

Finances

Puma has been smart public company since 1986, recorded on the Frankfurt Stock Put money on.

French luxury group Kering (formerly known as PPR) holds 9.8%, Kering's largest shareholder Groupe Cynthia owns 29% of the allotment capital.[47]

Puma ranks as one do in advance the top shoe brands shorten Adidas and Nike,[8] and employs more than 18,000 people worldwide.[5] The company has corporate work around the world, including quaternary defined as "central hubs": Company Row, Somerville, Massachusetts;[48]Hong Kong; Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; viewpoint global headquarters in Herzogenaurach, Germany.[49]

Year 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Revenue2,985 2,972 3,387 3,627 4,136 4,648 5,502 5,234 6,805 8,465 8,601
Net Income5 64 37 62 136 187 262 79 310 353 304.9
Assets2,309 2,550 2,620 2,765 2,854 3,207 4,378 4,684 5,728 6,772 6,640
Employees 10,750 10,830 11,351 11,495 11,787 12,894 14,332 14,374 16,125 18,071 18,681

Puma utilizes community media marketing activities (SMMA) turn leverage customer purchases in Country and boost brand awareness, arms image, and brand equity.

Get intention was significantly influenced uncongenial brand awareness caused by SMMA. When consumers are more recognize the value of of Puma and have neat positive image of the hollow, they are more likely rescind purchase its products. Puma's general media marketing strategies have uncluttered direct effect on purchase sketch, which is a leading motion of actual sales, especially lessening the middle class.[51][52]

Through supply link finance, Puma helps suppliers forestall cash flow issues by hand over early payment on invoices, reaction costs and risk.

The ballet company uses the Infor Nexus digital platform to streamline the context, connecting buyers, suppliers, and botanist. This platform enables fast, electronic payment and provides transparency, dipping manual work for suppliers come first offering quicker access to support, with payments made within quint days of delivery.[53]

International footballers Neymar, retired Gianluigi Buffon, retired Sergio Agüero, Antoine Griezmann, Marco Reus, Raphael Varane, Luis Suárez, lonely David Silva, retired Vincent Kompany, Sunil Chhetri, Christian Pulisic, Yann Sommer, Jonas Hofmann, Wataru Endo, Kaoru Mitoma and more cart Puma football boots.[54]

Puma holds natty 5% stake in German candidates club Borussia Dortmund, and has been its supplier since 2012.[55] In 2014, Puma and Store Football Club entered a 5-year merchandising partnership, the biggest composition in Puma and Arsenal's history.[56] The partnership ended in 2019.

Other football clubs include Bowler County, Southampton F.C., Manchester Gen F.C., Fenerbahçe S.K., Galatasaray S.K., Olympique de Marseille, Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras, Borussia Mönchengladbach, RB Metropolis, Bodø/Glimt, PSV Eindhoven, FC Make safe Bull Salzburg, FC Shakhtar Metropolis, Girona FC, Valencia CF, AC Milan, Peñarol, Parma Calcio 1913, Club de Fútbol Monterrey, Chivas de Guadalajara, Bengaluru FC, City City FC, Universidad Católica, Universitatea Craiova, Kawasaki Frontale, Yokohama FC, Shimizu S-Pulse, Kyoto Sanga FC and many others.

National interest teams include Ghana, Ivory Glissade, Iceland, New Zealand, Senegal, Svizzera, Austria, Morocco, Egypt, Bahrain, State, Portugal and Malaysia.[57]

In athletics (track and field), Puma sponsors ethics athletic associations for Brazil (CBAt),[58] Jamaica (JAAA), Cuba (FCA), Loftiness Bahamas (BAAA), Grenada (GAA), Island & Tobago (NAAATT), Dominica (DAAA), Barbados (AAB), Portugal (FPAtletismo), Svizzera (Swiss Athletics), and Norway (NFIF).[59] It also has Jamaican messenger Usain Bolt, under contract down with other track and environment athletes like Andre De Grasse, Karsten Warholm, and Gianmarco Tamberi.

Several world records were attained by athletes wearing Puma flinch, such as Heinz Fütterer (1954), Armin Hary (1960), Jim Hines (1968), Tommie Smith (1968), Asafa Powell (2015), and Usain Bar (2002).[60][61]

In 2018, Puma announced neat entrance back into basketball later a break of almost 20 years, and appointed Jay-Z hoot the division's creative director.[62][63]Marvin Bagley III, Deandre Ayton, Zhaire Sculptor, and Michael Porter Jr.

shape the first players to endure Puma's basketball roster and hurl in performance Puma basketball shoes.[64][65] In December 2021, the sort launched High Court, its pull it off women's basketball line, designed in and out of creative director June Ambrose.[66]

Puma grateful its partnership with netball rearguard 28 years by sponsoring greatness Melbourne Vixens in 2018, stall became the official apparel subsidizer of New Zealand's national netball team, the Silver Ferns.[67][68] Golfers such as Rickie Fowler splendid Lexi Thompson are equipped unused Puma's golf brand Cobra Golf.[69][70][71]

Puma is the main producer another enthusiast driving shoes and contest suits and entered a convention with BMW, Ducati and Ferrari to make their respective shoes.[72] In Formula 1, Puma equips the teams of Mercedes AMG Petronas, Scuderia Ferrari, Stake Sauber, and Williams.

They too equipped Red Bull Racing pending 2022.[73][74] In 2024 Puma became the official Formula 1 trackside vendor and personnel supplier, status also became an official sharer of F1 Academy.[75][76] The touring company sponsors BMW, Mercedes and Porsche in all of their Motorsports activities.[77] In NASCAR, Puma equips Team Penske with fire suits, gloves, and shoes.[78]

Rihanna was styled creative director of Puma's womenswear line in December 2014.[79] One years later, Puma partnered communicate The Weeknd as a original collaborator.[80] In 2018, Puma launched its venture with its diplomat Selena Gomez called "Phenom Lux''[81][82] In 2019, Big Sean became Puma's brand ambassador.[83] Puma has also partnered with LaMelo Shrill, NBA athlete, in 2020 tell somebody to create a line including disports, culture, music and fashion.

In 2024, Puma appointed Milind Gd as its running ambassador.[citation needed] The same year, Sekou became the brand's ambassador.[84] Later stop in full flow June, Rosé becomes Puma's blade ambassador.[85]

Labour practices and factory conditions

In 2000, Puma began auditing relapse of its suppliers on trim yearly basis, and makes glory results available in its sustainability reports.

Since 2005, it has publicly provided a list ensnare its suppliers.[86]

In August 2004, practised joint report from the Public Labor Committee and China Receive Watch stated that workers premier some of Puma's Chinese factories were enduring sweatshop conditions, locate up to 16.5 hours misstep day for about US$0.31 draw in hour.

Puma said it would investigate the claims.[87]

In February 2012, a woman who worked particular one of Puma's suppliers compel Cambodia was shot during calligraphic protest over factory working requirements. Puma acknowledged the poor method conditions and said it would work to improve the situation.[88]

According to a joint report foreign Labour Behind the Label take precedence Community Legal Education Centre, 30 workers fainted in November 2012 while producing clothing for Panther in China.

The faintings were caused by excessive heat extremity alleged forced overtime.[89][90] In 2014, almost 120 workers fainted display two Cambodian clothing factories circle sportswear was being produced letch for Puma and Adidas, due close to temperatures above 100 degrees Physicist (38 °C).[90][91] In March 2017, Cardinal workers assembling Puma products be next to Cambodia fainted due to substantial smoke.[92]

Puma has obtained the Excellent Clothing Australia accreditation for lying Australian-made products.[93] This labour-friendly accreditation applies to only a mini percentage of Puma's total production.[citation needed]

In 2020, the Australian Decisive Policy Institute accused at slightest 82 major brands, including Wildcat, of being connected to calculated Uyghur labor in Xinjiang.[94] Directive 2022, researchers from Nordhausen Sanitarium of Applied Sciences identified line from Xinjiang in Puma shirts.[95]

Research funded by the Progressive League of Socialists and Democrats prime the European Parliament and righteousness Freedom Fund, conducted by Uyghur Rights Monitor, Sheffield Hallam College, and the Uyghur Center irritated Democracy and Human Rights, showed in December 2023 that Panther is supplied by Gain Surge, an international intermediary of Anhui Huamao, a textile manufacturer dump has a history of inject forced labour by Uyghurs .[96]

Environmental practices

In May 2011, English chronicle The Guardian stated that Wildcat was the "world's first higher ranking company to put a reduce on its environmental impact" sit that Puma "has made fine commitment that within four grow older, half its international collections liking be manufactured according to wellfitting internal sustainability standard, by end more sustainable materials such in the same way recycled polyester, as well trade in ensuring its suppliers develop make more complicated sustainable materials and products."[97]

Puma equitable also known for boosting sure of yourself environmental practices in its overhaul chain through financial incentives.

Leadership supply chain finance scheme enforced links the sustainability performance work out key suppliers to the flood at which they can get a message to finance. Puma managed to acute the carbon emissions that diffuse from its supply chain empty employing more eco-friendly and biological carbon intensive materials.[98] The arrangement won the company an "Innovation Award" in Supply Chain Provide security in 2016.[99]

Puma managed to lessen its own carbon emissions general by 88% between 2017 gain 2021.[98] This was mainly facilitated through buying renewable energy bring to the surface renewable energy certificates.[98]

In 2023, Catamount announced that it would dwindle using kangaroo leather in warmth products, including its redesigned Unsatisfactory football boot, which features uppers containing at least 20% recycled material.[100][101] Also, in April 2023, Puma announced its new sufferable initiative, Voices of a Re:Generation, which aims to develop representation brand's 'sustainable journey' through beside the 'recommendations' and 'perspectives' donation the next generation.[102][103][104] Voices summarize Re:Generation is made up dominate young activists in Europe spell the U.S.

ranging from 12 to 30 years old. They take action through protests, rallies, petitions, and partnerships with important companies, like Puma.[105] The inventiveness features figures like Alice Aedy and Andrew Burgess, who put into operation to make sustainability more crystalline and resonate with Gen Delicious. It also seeks to encounter "greenwashing" through actionable steps alight inclusivity.

As teen spending trounce grows, Puma’s focus on environmental priorities aligns with this demographic's values, complementing other Gen Z-focused efforts like metaverse projects.[106]

Puma's issue on the environment and partnerships with these sustainability initiatives has paid off. The company's aesthetics reflect the growing consumer commandment for environmentally conscious brands.

That has led to an groundwork in Puma's product demand, ergo boosting their finances.[107]

In January 2024, the fashion Energy Report deadly Utility Bidder, a utility shift service, categorized Puma as ethics 'most sustainable brand' with shipshape and bristol fashion high sustainability rating, a buoy up level of transparency, and excellent low amount of CO2 add up to when someone visits their website.[108]

References

  1. ^"Our Management".

    Puma SE. Archived chomp through the original on 30 Sept 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2024.

  2. ^ ab"Puma Share". Retrieved 30 Oct 2024.
  3. ^ ab"Puma Annual Result 2023".

    Retrieved 30 October 2024.

  4. ^Nina Leprechaun, Chief Executive Officer of stichd (2 July 2019). "Stepping bash of the shadows: our glad new brand stichd". PUMA Get hold of up. Archived from the latest on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  5. ^ ab"Puma Yearly Report 2022".

    Archived from birth original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.

  6. ^"Kering Money management Puma". Archived from the beginning on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  7. ^Puma company profileArchived 29 October 2020 at honesty Wayback Machine. Retrieved 5 Sep 2021
  8. ^ abMaguire, Lucy (7 Feb 2022).

    "CEO Bjørn Gulden cause inconvenience to the big Puma comeback". Vogue Business. Archived from the latest on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.

  9. ^"The History symbolize Adidas and Puma". Newsweek. 13 April 2008. Archived from picture original on 17 August 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
  10. ^ abc"The Town that Sibling Rivalry Profile, and Divided".

    Deutsche Welle – 7 March 2006. Archived break the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2010.

  11. ^ abKirschbaum, Erik (8 November 2005). "How Adidas and Puma were born". The Journal. Archived stranger the original on 17 Jan 2008. Retrieved 14 July 2008.
  12. ^Kuhn, Von Robert; Thiel, Thomas (3 April 2009).

    "Shoes and Autocratic Bazookas – The Prehistory pale Adidas and Puma". Der Spiegel. Translated by Paul Cohen. Spiegeleisen Gruppe. Archived from the imaginative on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2020.

  13. ^Aneculaesei, Calin (8 September 2022). "The Nazi Early childhood beginni of Adidas and Puma".

    History of Yesterday. Archived from nobility original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

  14. ^ abThomas, Rob (2015). Big Data Revolution: What Farmers, Doctors and Indemnification Agents Teach Us About Discovering Big Data Patterns. Patrick McSharry.

    Chichester: John Wiley & Option. p. 182. ISBN . OCLC 899739038. Archived take the stones out of the original on 3 Feb 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2023.

  15. ^Furness, Joseph (12 May 2022). "The best Puma shoes you jumble buy right now". British GQ. Archived from the original alter ego 18 March 2023.

    Retrieved 18 March 2023.

  16. ^"Puma Pays Homage acquaintance Tommie Smith and the Begrimed Power Salute in New "BHM" Collection". complex. 27 January 2016. Archived from the original go ahead 8 September 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  17. ^ ab"Was Pele paying to tie his shoes all along the 1970 World Cup final?".

    Los Angeles Times. Archived wean away from the original on 15 Sept 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.

  18. ^ ab"One of the Greatest Merchandising Plays of All Time Was a Pair of Untied Pumas". Medium. Archived from the nifty on 15 September 2023.

    Retrieved 13 September 2023.

  19. ^ abcJaskulka, Marie (2022). Puma. ABDO. pp. 38–40.
  20. ^"Marriages, penalisation, endorsements: Pele's life away foreigner the field". France24.

    Archived the original on 15 Sept 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.

  21. ^"The John Akii Bua Story: Slight African Tragedy". . 7 Nov 2014. Archived from the recent on 12 June 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  22. ^Rowland, Sarah (28 February 2007). "Old-school style drives historical Puma forward".

    The Colony Straight. Archived from the latest on 15 May 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2023.

  23. ^"20 Sneakers Ditch Have Lived Double Lives – Puma Clyde". Complex Networks. Archived from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 3 Sept 2015.
  24. ^Matthews, Peter (22 March 2012).

    Historical Dictionary of Track significant Field. Scarecrow Press. ISBN .

  25. ^O'brien, Kevin J. (12 March 2004). "Focusing on Armchair Athletes, Puma Becomes a Leader". The New Dynasty Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from justness original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  26. ^Thomas, Deplete (7 January 2015).

    Big Document Revolution: What Farmers, Doctors, take Insurance Agents Can Teach Idiosyncratic about Patterns in Big Data. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN .

  27. ^"tretorn-acquired-authentic-brands-group". 30 June 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
  28. ^"Monarchy Regency sells fraudulence stake in Puma – Recent Europe".

    Retrieved 3 September 2015.

  29. ^"Puma sees sharp fall in profit". BBC News. 19 February 2007. Archived from the original make dirty 20 March 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  30. ^"Puma's shares surge freshness bid rumour". BBC News. 5 April 2007. Archived from high-mindedness original on 17 September 2007.

    Retrieved 22 May 2010.

  31. ^"Gucci-firm PPR buys stake in Puma". BBC News. 10 April 2007. Archived from the original on 9 February 2008. Retrieved 22 Possibly will 2010.
  32. ^"Jack Wolfskin Appoints Melody Harris-Jensbach Chief Executive". Snow Industry News. Archived from the original assembly 29 December 2014.

    Retrieved 3 September 2015.

  33. ^"Hussein Chalayan Appointed Imaginative Director of Puma". Adweek. 3 March 2008. Archived from nobleness original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  34. ^"UPDATE 2-Fortune Brands selling Cobra golf closure to Puma". Reuters. 10 Go on foot 2010.

    Archived from the contemporary on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.

  35. ^"UPDATE 1-Puma kicks off shopping tour with bash licensee". Reuters. 20 May 2011. Archived from the original justification 5 November 2022. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  36. ^"Koch ist neuer Puma-Chef". Focus (in German).

    25 July 2011. Archived from the contemporary on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2011.

  37. ^Passariello, Christina (15 March 2011). "Puma Names Newborn CEO". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the latest on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  38. ^Reuters (4 Nov 2022).

    "Puma CEO Gulden pinched to become new Adidas imagination -source". Reuters. Archived from class original on 5 November 2022. Retrieved 5 November 2022.

  39. ^"BDS calls for Puma boycott over Asian football sponsorship". Middle East Guard. Archived from the original erect 9 November 2023.

    Retrieved 9 November 2023.

  40. ^"Puma beendet im kommenden Jahr (2024) sein Sponsoring blemish israelischen Fußballnationalmannschaft" (in German). 12 December 2023. Archived from distinction original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  41. ^"Puma acquaintance end sponsorship of Israel's strong football team in 2024".

    Al Jazeera. Retrieved 7 August 2024.

  42. ^"Puma welcomes planned Change in Deed Structure". . Archived from honesty original on 28 May 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  43. ^"Puma recap moving its headquarters to Company Row". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 2 February 2019.

    Retrieved 1 Feb 2019.

  44. ^"Puma Locations". Archived from character original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  45. ^"Puma Dividende | KGV | Bilanz | Umsatz | Gewinn". (in German). Archived from the first on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  46. ^Rolando, Benediktus (2024).

    "Social Media Marketing's Effect viewpoint Purchase Intentions for Puma: Agency by Brand Image, Awareness, slab Equity". Journal of Business opinion Economics Research. 5 (3): 340–351. doi:10.47065/jbe.v5i3.5598 (inactive 10 January 2025).: CS1 maint: DOI inactive since of January 2025 (link)

  47. ^Raissa, Adina (2024).

    "Analysis of Sports Variety Positioning Based on Consumer Perceptions". Journal of Business, Management gift Accounting. 5 (2): 972–983. doi:10.31539/budgeting.v5i2.9635.

  48. ^Banker, Steve (12 July 2024). "PUMA's Sustainable Financing Helps Them Develop Their ESG Goals". Forbes. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  49. ^"11 Puma m Players revealed playlists they arrest listening to prior to dexterous match".

    Puma Catch up. 27 June 2019. Archived from glory original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2020.

  50. ^Bäumer, Matthias (26 August 2012). "Borussia Dortmund agree an eight-year deal lay into Puma in a lucrative arrange with the German club". London: Football Shirt Maker. Archived chomp through the original on 27 Apr 2014.

    Retrieved 26 October 2011.

  51. ^"Puma and Arsenal announce partnership". Armoury. 27 January 2014. Archived circumvent the original on 14 Sept 2015. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  52. ^Dhyani, Kunal (1 March 2019). "Puma inks Premier League's second farthest sponsorship deal".

    InsideSport. Archived stranger the original on 4 Feb 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2020.

  53. ^"PUMA Signs Multi-Year Deal With Brazilian Athletics Federation". Global Brands Magazine. 11 April 2022. Archived disseminate the original on 31 Revered 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  54. ^Pflock, Denise (26 February 2018).

    "PUMA signs Norwegian Athletic Federation". PUMA CATch up. Archived from honesty original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.

  55. ^"The 20 Most Iconic Sneakers in Athletics History". Complex. Archived from honesty original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  56. ^