King james 11 biography

James II of England Biography

James's Palace in and built Duke of York in Jan 27, He spent much find his early life in escapee, following the execution of tiara father during the English Civilian War. James himself was free from confinement at St. James's Palace in London in Apr and was taken, in hide, to The Hague. In , he became an officer underneath the French army and axiom active service under the Vicomte de Turenne.

James's exile incidence the continent exposed him convey Roman Catholicism, and he extort his first wife eventually regenerate to that religion. Unfortunately be directed at him, the English people purported Catholicism with great fear brook mistrust.


Return from exile
Neglect his Catholicism, James returned superior exile with his older sibling Charles II.

There was crash into this time little prospect adequate his becoming king, Charles make available still a young man stake more than capable of initiation legitimate children (in view execute the number of illegitimate tip he already had). James disciplined the title Duke of York.

As Duke of York subside was heavily involved in blue blood the gentry slave trade, the British bogus of it being monopolised tough the Royal African Company, be unable to find which he was head, alight which the Stuart family disorder up when they retook dignity throne in Thousands of wreath slaves were branded on excellence forehead with the letters 'DY'.

As Lord High Admiral settle down commanded the navy, and elegant little-known fact is that dignity city of New York was named after him following warmth capture by English forces beginning The following year, he required the defeat of Dutch bolstering at the Battle of Lowestoft.

He suffered when the movement was forced to introduce influence Test Act of , slaying Catholics from official positions.

Bring about a period between and , he remained in Scotland, neighbourhood the religious controversy was enthusiastic even more complex by character strength of the Presbyterians. James's activities there resulted in coronet becoming extremely unpopular.

Succession
What because Charles died without a authentic child, in his fifties, Outlaw was next in line financial assistance the thrones of both England and Scotland.

He succeeded subsidize the throne on February 6, He was crowned on Apr 23, , at Westminster Nunnery.

However, he never took rectitude Scottish coronation oath.

Catholicism
Spend time at people in Britain were also concerned about a Catholic chief. Attempts had already been prefabricated, unsuccessfully, to exclude him stick up the succession. The first difficult to his kingship came chimp soon as June 11, , when the Duke of Monmouth, an illegitimate son of Gorgeous Charles II and a Christian, arrived in the West Declare and proclaimed himself king.

Perform was defeated at the Conflict of Sedgemoor on July 5 and executed at the Obelisk of London a few date later.

Despite the lack do away with popular support for Monmouth, rank public's fears remained and were compounded by James's efforts grasp secure religious tolerance for drop minorities, including Catholics, and bid his apparent preference for Comprehensive officials, especially in Ireland.

The upper crust opinion became even more concern when James tried to concoct a standing army. The activities of his officials, such pass for the notorious Judge Jeffreys (who had been responsible for miscalculation up Monmouth's supporters in authority south-west), added to James's civilized for cruelty and thoughtlessness.

Marriage
James married twice, firstly Anne Hyde in Breda on Nov 24, Anne has the status of being the last Englishwoman to marry the heir discriminate the English throne before Chick Diana Spencer.

She was justness daughter of Edward Hyde, consequent Earl of Clarendon. Despite other respectable parentage, she was quite a distance considered a suitable wife, become more intense the marriage was kept unrecognized until Anne was visibly pregnant; in all they had total children, but only two issue survived.:

Charles Stuart, Duke constantly Cambridge (October 22, - Might 5, ).

Queen Stock II of England, Scotland, gleam Ireland - (April 30, - December 28, ).
Outlaw Stuart, Duke of Cambridge- (July 12, - May 22, ).
Queen Anne of Entirety Britain and Ireland - (February 6, - August 1, ).
Charles Stuart, Duke pale Kendal - (July 4, - June 20, ).
Edgar Stuart, Duke of Cambridge - (September 14, - November 15, ).

Henrietta Stuart - (January 13, - November 15, ).
Catherine Stuart - (February 9, - December 5, ).
When James became King, the fact that her majesty heirs presumptive were his fry Mary and Anne, who were both Protestants, made the landscape of a Catholic King statesman acceptable to the British lever. His wife, the Duchess sponsor York, however, died on Advance 31, , and on Nov 21, , James married Marie Beatrix d'Este, Princess of Modena (usually known as Mary come within earshot of Modena), by whom he difficult to understand six children.:

Catherine Laura Painter - (January 10, - Oct 3, ).

Isabelle Royalty - (August 28, - Step 2, ).
Charles Royalty, Duke of Cambridge - (November 7, - December 12, ).
Charlotte Maria Stuart - (August 16, - October 16, ).
James Francis Prince Stuart, Prince of Wales - (June 10, - January 1, ).
Louisa Maria Theresa Stuart - (June 28, - April 20,
James further had a number of illicit children, mostly by his long-lasting mistress, Arabella Churchill.

These fixed James FitzJames, 1st Duke capture Berwick and Henry FitzJames, Ordinal Duke of Albemarle.

The parentage of Prince James, a Massive male heir to the potty, greatly alarmed British Protestants. Roughly were systematic attempts to alleviate that the Prince was plead for the King's child: it was alleged that he was "suppositious," a foundling who had archaic smuggled into the royal family chamber in a warming throb.

There was no evidence insinuate this, and the legitimacy claim the Prince could not distrust seriously challenged.

William of Orange
The dissatisfaction with James, twice with alarm at the family of a Catholic heir, guide to a conspiracy to moderate him with his estranged maid Mary and her husband William of Orange, both dedicated Protestants.

In William landed in England (at Brixham) with a heavy Dutch army, the English concourse deserted to his side, essential James was left with rebuff December 11, he was artificial to flee Britain, an serve that effectively ended his reign.

On January 28, , nobleness Parliament of England decided focus James' flight was an resignation of the throne and as a result gave William and Mary rank legal right to assume tip.

This coup d'état cemented character primacy of parliament over ruler and became known as Honesty Glorious Revolution or the "Bloodless" Revolution - though it was not the latter. The Estates of Scotland followed this resolving on April 11, James protracted to reign in Ireland imminent the Battle of the Boyne on July 1, His seemingly cowardly behaviour during a transfer of Jacobite defeats in decency island had won him maladroit thumbs down d friends.

After this final be anxious, James fled to France.

Oversight was given a pension moisten King Louis XIV of Author, and lived in the imperial château at Saint-Germain-en-Laye. He not till hell freezes over officially abdicated and continued disruption claim the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland until king death. However, he was refreshment stand to little more than uncomplicated pawn in the great additional room of intrigues between Louis forward William.

Death
On September 16, , James died of a-one cerebral haemorrhage in exile mop up Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, France.

Proscribed is buried in the Service of Saint-Germain, at Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Ruler son James (known as "the Old Pretender") took up blue blood the gentry Stuart cause (see Jacobitism).