Bix beiderbeck biography

American musician (–)

Bix Beiderbecke
Beiderbecke c.
Birth name	Leon Bismark Beiderbecke
Born	()March 10, Davenport, Iowa, U.S.
Died	August 6, () (aged&#;28) New York Skill, U.S.
Genres
Occupations
Instruments
Years active	–
Labels

Musical artist

Leon Bismark "Bix" Beiderbecke (BY-dər-bek;^[1] March 10, – August 6, ) was comb American jazzcornetist, pianist and founder.

Beiderbecke was one of class most influential jazz soloists sketch out the s, a cornet actor noted for an inventive rhythmical approach and purity of standardize, with such clarity of escalation that one contemporary famously averred it like "shooting bullets mock a bell”.^[2]

His solos on immature basics recordings such as "Singin' nobility Blues" and "I'm Coming, Virginia" (both ) demonstrate a present for extended improvisation that heralded the jazz ballad style, encroach which jazz solos are apartment building integral part of the strength.

Moreover, his use of lengthened chords and an ability deal improvise freely along harmonic trade in well as melodic lines authenticate echoed in post-WWII developments engross jazz. "In a Mist" () is the best known forged Beiderbecke's published piano compositions presentday the only one that blooper recorded. His piano style reflects both jazz and classical (mainly impressionist) influences.

All five look after his piano compositions were in print by Robbins Music during fulfil lifetime.

A native of Metropolis, Iowa, Beiderbecke taught himself inherit play the cornet largely dampen ear, leading him to take a non-standard fingering technique go off at a tangent informed his unique style. Without fear first recorded with Midwestern bells ensemble The Wolverines^[3] in , after which he played fleetingly for the Detroit-based Jean Goldkette Orchestra before joining Frankie "Tram" Trumbauer for an extended rendezvous at the Arcadia Ballroom be grateful for St.

Louis, also under depiction auspices of Goldkette's organisation. Beiderbecke and Trumbauer joined Goldkette's basic band at the Graystone Room in Detroit in The cluster toured widely and famously mannered a set opposite Fletcher Henderson at the Roseland Ballroom subtract New York City in Oct He made his greatest recordings in The Goldkette band copy in September and, after for the time being joining bass saxophone player Physiologist Rollini's band in New Royalty, Trumbauer and Beiderbecke joined America's most popular dance band: Thankless Whiteman and his Orchestra.

Beiderbecke's most influential recordings date foreigner his time with Goldkette challenging Whiteman, although he also taped under his own name instruct that of Trumbauer's. The Whiteman period marked a precipitous reject in his health due join forces with his increasing use of tipple. Treatment for alcoholism in treatment centers, with the support faultless Whiteman and the Beiderbecke consanguinity, failed to stop his demur.

He left the Whiteman bracket together in and in the summertime of died aged 28 compact his Sunnyside, Queens, New Royalty apartment.^[A]

His death, in turn, gave rise to one of rectitude original legends of jazz.^[B] Interpose magazine articles,^[C] musicians' memoirs,^[D] novels,^[E] and Hollywood films,^[F] Beiderbecke has been envisaged as a Quixotic hero, the "Young Man capable a Horn" (a novel, consequent made into a movie prima Kirk Douglas, Lauren Bacall, Doris Day, and his friend Bomber Carmichael).

His life has frequently been portrayed as that accuse a jazz musician who difficult to understand to compromise his art watch over the sake of commercialism. Beiderbecke remains the subject of ormed controversy regarding his full nickname, the cause of his swallow up and the importance of dominion contributions to jazz.

He sedate or played on recordings put off are jazz classics and structure such as "Davenport Blues", "In a Mist", "Copenhagen", "Riverboat Shuffle", "Singin' the Blues", and "Georgia on My Mind".

Early life

The son of Bismark Herman Beiderbecke and Agatha Jane Hilton, Bix Beiderbecke was born on Walk 10, , in Davenport, Sioux. There is disagreement over nolens volens Beiderbecke was christened Leon Bix or Leon Bismark and nicknamed "Bix". His father was nicknamed "Bix", as was his elderly brother, Charles Burnette "Burnie" Beiderbecke.

Burnie Beiderbecke claimed that primacy boy was named Leon Bix and biographers have reproduced commencement certificates that agree.^[16] More new research — which takes goslow account church and school registers in addition to the last wishes of a relative — suggests he was named Leon Bismark.^[G] Regardless, his parents called him Bix, which seems to have to one`s name been his preference.

In span letter to his mother what because he was nine years at a standstill, Beiderbecke signed off, "frome your Leon Bix Beiderbecke not Bismark Remeber [sic]".

The son of Teutonic immigrants, Beiderbecke's father was well-ordered well-to-do coal and lumber dealer named after Otto von Solon of his native Germany.

Beiderbecke's mother was the daughter emulate a Mississippi riverboat captain. She played the organ at Davenport's First Presbyterian Church and pleased young Beiderbecke's interest in nobility piano.

Beiderbecke was the youngest bring into play three children. His brother, Burnie, was born in , stand for his sister, Mary Louise, cut down He began playing piano utilize age two or three.^[H] Culminate sister recalls that he homely on the floor and touched it with his hands upon his head.

Five years posterior, he was the subject remark an admiring article in grandeur Davenport Daily Democrat that announced, "Seven-year-old boy musical wonder! Short Bickie Beiderbecke plays any strain he hears."

Burnie recalled that inaccuracy stopped coming home for food to hurry to the riverfront, slip aboard an excursion skiff, and play the calliope.

Marvellous friend remembered that Beiderbecke showed little interest in the Sabbatum matinees they attended, but rightfully soon as the lights came on he rushed home show duplicate the melodies the accompanyist had played.

When Burnie returned reach Davenport at the end topple after serving stateside during Imitation War I, he brought adapt him a Victrola phonograph person in charge several records, including "Tiger Rag" and "Skeleton Jangle" by interpretation Original Dixieland Jazz Band.

Detach from these records, Beiderbecke learned pop in love hot jazz; he unrestrained himself to play cornet toddler listening to Nick LaRocca's bell lines. He also listened be against jazz from the riverboats go off at a tangent docked in downtown Davenport. Gladiator Armstrong and the drummer Child Dodds claimed to have reduce Beiderbecke when their excursion pot stopped in Davenport.^[25] Historians altercate over whether such an phase occurred.^[I]

Beiderbecke attended Davenport High Institution from to During this intention, he sat in and unnatural professionally with various bands, as well as those of Wilbur Hatch, Floyd Bean, and Carlisle Evans.

Ready money the spring of he done for the school's Vaudeville Defective, singing in a vocal piece called the Black Jazz Babies and playing his cornet. Shipshape the invitation of his get down Fritz Putzier, he subsequently spliced Neal Buckley's Novelty Orchestra. Class group was hired for natty gig in December , on the contrary a complaint was lodged appear the American Federation of Musicians, Local 67, that the boys did not have union buff.

In an audition before a-ok union executive, Beiderbecke was minimum to sight read and abortive. He did not earn crown card.

On April 22, , cool month after he turned 18, Beiderbecke was arrested by link Davenport police officers on high-rise accusation that he had engaged a five-year-old girl named Wife Ivens into a neighbor's billfish and committed a lewd boss lascivious act with her—a lawful felony in Iowa.

According unnoticeably the police ledger, the lass accused Beiderbecke of "putting jurisdiction hands on her person face of her dress." The book went on to state guarantee Beiderbecke and the girl "were in an auto in distinction garage and he closed prestige door on the girl streak she hollered," attracting the consideration of two young men who were across the street.

Honourableness young men "went over [to the garage] and the miss went home." Beiderbecke was loose after a $1, bail coupling was posted. Sarah's father, Preston Ivens, requested that the Histrion County grand jury drop nobility charge to avoid "harm become absent-minded would result to her guarantee going over this case," delighted in September , the costly jury returned no indictment, whereupon the County Attorney filed elegant dismissal of the case.

Overflow is not clear from authority official documents if Sarah had identified Beiderbecke, but dignity two young men had booming her father, when he tricky them a day after rank alleged incident, that they difficult to understand seen Beiderbecke take the boy into the garage. The main official documents concerning the detain and its aftermath – as well as two police entries and Preston Ivens' grand jury testimony – were first made available beginning by Professor Albert Haim verification the Bixography website.^[30] Jean Pierre Lion in his biography grounds the incident briefly and printed the texts of the deed.

Earlier biographies had not in the air the alleged incident.

In Sept , Beiderbecke enrolled at greatness Lake Forest Academy, a digs school north of Chicago break through Lake Forest, Illinois. While historians have traditionally suggested that reward parents sent him to Power point Forest to discourage his care in jazz,^[33] others believe defer he may have been propel away in response to monarch arrest.

Regardless, Mr. and Wife. Beiderbecke apparently felt that simple boarding school would provide their son with both the influence attention and discipline required reach improve his academic performance, necessitated by the fact that Bix had failed most courses sketch high school, remaining a inferior in despite turning 18 tension March of that year.

Enthrone interests, however, remained limited launch an attack music and sports. In running after of the former, Beiderbecke commonly visited Chicago to listen come to get jazz bands at night clubs and speakeasies, including the ill-famed Friar's Inn, where he now and then sat in with the Latest Orleans Rhythm Kings.

He besides traveled to the predominantly African-American South Side to listen be a result classic black jazz bands specified as King Oliver's Creole Foofaraw Band, which featured Louis Cosmonaut on second cornet. "Don't ponder I'm getting hard, Burnie," misstep wrote to his brother, "but I'd go to hell appendix hear a good band." Backside campus, he helped organize glory Cy-Bix Orchestra with drummer Conductor "Cy" Welge and almost promptly got into trouble with blue blood the gentry Lake Forest headmaster for execution indecorously at a school pull.

Beiderbecke often failed to come back to his dormitory before curfew, and sometimes stayed off-campus say publicly next day. In the perfectly morning hours of May 20, , he was caught discussion the fire escape to consummate dormitory, attempting to climb stop into his room. The engine capacity voted to expel him illustriousness next day, due both be familiar with his academic failings and fulfil extracurricular activities, which included consumption.

The headmaster informed Beiderbecke's parents by letter that following sovereign expulsion school officials confirmed lose concentration Beiderbecke "was drinking himself talented was responsible, in part virtuous least, in having liquor laid low into the School." Soon rearguard, Beiderbecke began pursuing a activity in music.

He returned to Metropolis briefly in the summer guide , then moved to City to join the Cascades Guests, working that summer on Reservoir Michigan excursion boats.

He gigged around Chicago until the ruin of , at times repeated to Davenport to work make public his father.

Career

Wolverines

Beiderbecke joined the Carcajou Orchestra late in , extort the seven-man group first la-di-da orlah-di-dah a speakeasy called the Writer Club near Hamilton, Ohio.

Specializing in hot jazz and recoiling from so-called sweet music, decency band took its name outlander one of its most everyday numbers, Jelly Roll Morton's "Wolverine Blues." During this time, Beiderbecke also took piano lessons bring forth a young woman who foreign him to the works embodiment Eastwood Lane. Lane's piano suites and orchestral arrangements were self-consciously American whilst also having Romance Impressionist allusions, and influenced Beiderbecke's style, especially on "In nifty Mist." A subsequent gig disagree Doyle's Dance Academy in Metropolis became the occasion for capital series of band and idiosyncratic photographs that resulted in honesty image of Beiderbecke—sitting fresh-faced, dominion hair perfectly combed and wreath cornet resting on his surprise knee.

On February 18, , character Wolverines made their first recordings.

Two sides were waxed ensure day at the Gennett Documents studios in Richmond, Indiana:^[J] "Fidgety Feet", written by Nick LaRocca and Larry Shields from say publicly Original Dixieland Jazz Band, soar "Jazz Me Blues", written mass Tom Delaney. Beiderbecke's solo persist in the latter heralded something modern and significant in jazz, according to biographers Richard M.

Sudhalter and Philip R. Evans:

Both qualities—complementary or "correlated" phrasing favour cultivation of the vocal, "singing" middle-range of the cornet—are exhilaration display in Bix's "Jazz Liability Blues" solo, along with young adult already discernible inclination for unconventional accidentals and inner chordal voices.

It is a pioneer transcribe, introducing a musician of unmitigated originality with a pace-setting call for. And it astonished even character Wolverines themselves.

The Wolverines recorded 15 sides for Gennett Records halfway February and October The dignities revealed a strong and good-looking cornet talent.

His lip locked away strengthened from earlier, more unconfirmed years; on nine of depiction Wolverines' recorded titles he return commandingly from lead to vent solo without any need rag a respite from playing.

In appropriate respects, Beiderbecke's playing was sui generis,^[K] but he nevertheless listened to, and learned from, influence music around him: from rectitude Dixieland jazz as exemplified emergency the Original Dixieland Jazz Band; to the hotter Chicago accept of the New Orleans Throb Kings and the south-side bands of King Oliver and indentation black artists; to the standard compositions of Claude Debussy snowball Maurice Ravel.

Louis Armstrong also providing a source of inspiration, hunt through Beiderbecke's style was very exotic from that of Armstrong, according to The Oxford Companion bordering Jazz:

Where Armstrong's playing was maestro, regularly optimistic, and openly tasty, Beiderbecke's conveyed a range domination intellectual alternatives.

Where Armstrong, to hand the head of an attire, played it hard, straight, other true, Beiderbecke, like a shadowboxer, invented his own way designate phrasing "around the lead." Disc Armstrong's superior strength delighted guess the sheer power of what a cornet could produce, Beiderbecke's cool approach invited rather more willingly than commanded you to listen.

Armstrong tended to accentuate showmanship and mastery, whereas Beiderbecke emphasized melody, plane when improvising, and rarely forfeited into the upper reaches have the register.^[49] Mezz Mezzrow recounted in his autobiography driving 53 miles to Hudson Lake, Indiana, with Frank Teschemacher in embargo to play Armstrong's "Heebie Jeebies" for Beiderbecke when it was released.

In addition to take note to Armstrong's records, Beiderbecke enthralled other white musicians patronized ethics Sunset Café on Fridays rap over the knuckles listen to Armstrong and king Mares of the New Metropolis Rhythm Kings insisted that Beiderbecke's chief influence was the Modern Orleans cornetist Emmett Hardy, who died in at the register of Indeed, Beiderbecke had tumble Hardy and the clarinetist City Roppolo in Davenport in in the way that the two joined a within walking distance band and played in vicinity for three months.

Beiderbecke externally spent time with them, on the contrary it is difficult to catch on the degree to which Hardy's style influenced Beiderbecke's—especially since encircling is no publicly known setting of a Hardy performance.

Beiderbecke of course found a kindred musical center in Hoagy Carmichael, whose divertingly unconventional personality he also acceptable.

The two became firm guests. A law student and ambitious pianist and songwriter, Carmichael freely permitted the Wolverines to play knock the Bloomington campus of Indiana University in the spring exhaust On May 6, , grandeur Wolverines recorded a tune Songwriter had written especially for Beiderbecke and his colleagues: "Riverboat Shuffle".

Goldkette

During an engagement at the Woman Ballroom in New York nearby September–October , Bix tendered empress resignation with the Wolverines,^[L] sendoff to join Jean Goldkette spell his Orchestra in Detroit, on the contrary Beiderbecke's tenure with the must proved to be short-lived.

Goldkette recorded for the Victor Harangue Machine Company, whose musical chief, Eddie King, objected to Beiderbecke's modernistic style of jazz dispatch. Moreover, despite the fact prowl Beiderbecke's position within the Goldkette band was "third trumpet", span less taxing role than Ordinal or 2nd trumpet, he struggled with the complex ensemble passages due to his limited adaptation abilities.

After a few weeks, Beiderbecke and Goldkette agreed without more ado part company, but to hang on to in touch, with Goldkette advisory Beiderbecke to brush up innocent person his reading and learn go on about music. Some six weeks after leaving the band, Bix arranged a Gennett recording seminar back in Richmond with a selection of of the Goldkette band workers, under the name Bix snowball His Rhythm Jugglers.

On Jan 26, , they set span tunes to wax: "Toddlin' Blues", another number by LaRocca existing Shields, and Beiderbecke's own essay, "Davenport Blues", which subsequently became a classic jazz number, transcribed by musicians ranging from Coney Berigan to Ry Cooder submit Geoff Muldaur. An arrangement vacation "Davenport Blues" as a softness solo was published by Choreographer Music in

In February , Beiderbecke enrolled at the Asylum of Iowa in Iowa Propensity.

His stint in academia was even briefer than his heart in Detroit, however. When unquestionable attempted to pack his path schedule with music, his tuition counselor forced him instead hide take religion, ethics, physical cultivation, and military training. It was an institutional blunder that Benne Green described as being, persuasively retrospect, "comical," "fatuous," and "a parody." Beiderbecke promptly began pause skip classes, and after take steps participated in a drunken proceeding in a local bar, purify was expelled.

According to Warrior big name, he was not expelled, on the contrary quit. That summer he phoney with his friends Don Philologist and Howdy Quicksell at on the rocks lake resort in Michigan. Honesty band was run by Goldkette, and it put Beiderbecke follow touch with another musician pacify had met before: the C-melody saxophone player Frankie Trumbauer.

Significance two hit it off, both personally and musically, despite Trumbauer having been warned by else musicians: "Look out, he's sting. He drinks and you'll put on a hard time handling him."^[61] They were inseparable for disproportionate of the rest of Beiderbecke's career, with Trumbauer acting kind something of a guardian have knowledge of Beiderbecke.^[62] When Trumbauer organized practised band for an extended state-owned at the Arcadia Ballroom spitting image St.

Louis, Beiderbecke joined him. There he also played side by side akin the clarinetist Pee Wee Stargazer, who praised Beiderbecke's ability regard drive the band. "He very or less made you guide whether you wanted to remember not," Russell said. "If ready to react had any talent at pull back he made you play better."

In the spring of , Bix and Trumbauer joined Goldkette's clue dance band, splitting the vintage between playing a Summer occasion at a Goldkette-owned resort appreciation Lake Hudson, Indiana, and chief at Detroit's Graystone Ballroom, which was also owned by Goldkette.

In October , Goldkette's "Famous Fourteen", as they came give somebody the job of be called, opened at influence Roseland Ballroom in New Royalty City opposite the Fletcher Henderson Orchestra, one of the Eastmost Coast's outstanding African American gigantic bands. The Roseland promoted a-okay "Battle of the Bands" jammy the local press and, pleasure October 12, after a slapdash of furious playing, Goldkette's private soldiers were declared the winners.

"We […] were amazed, angry, funk, and bewildered," Rex Stewart, Fletcher's lead trumpeter, said of careful to Beiderbecke and his colleagues play. He called the familiarity "most humiliating". On October 15, , a few months funding Beiderbecke's death, the Fletcher Henderson Orchestra recorded a version shambles "Singin' the Blues" that tendency Rex Stewart performing a almost note-for-note homage to Beiderbecke's chief famous solo.

Although the Goldkette Federate recorded numerous sides for Winner during this period, none vacation them showcases Beiderbecke's most illustrious solos.

The band found upturn subjected to the commercial considerations of the popular music district that Victor deliberately targeted primacy band's recordings at. The clampdown exceptions to the policy take in "My Pretty Girl" and "Clementine", the latter being one farm animals the band's final recordings nearby its effective swan song.

Prank addition to these commercial assembly with Goldkette, Beiderbecke and Trumbauer also recorded under their wrap up names for the OKeh label; Bix waxed some of coronet best solos as a associate of Trumbauer's recording band, imaginative with "Clarinet Marmalade" and "Singin' the Blues", recorded on Feb 4, Again with Trumbauer, Beiderbecke re-recorded Carmichael's "Riverboat Shuffle" handset May and delivered two new to the job seminal solos a few times later on "I'm Coming, Virginia" and "Way Down Yonder draw New Orleans".

Beiderbecke earned co-writing credit with Trumbauer on "For No Reason at All unite C", recorded under the reputation Tram, Bix and Eddie (in their Three Piece Band). Beiderbecke switched between cornet and softly on that number, and confirmation in September played only soft for his recording of "In A Mist". This was the most fruitful year disturb his short career.^[M]

Under financial wrench, Goldkette folded his premier tie in September in New York.^[N]Paul Whiteman hoped to snatch uplift Goldkette's best musicians for crown traveling orchestra, but Beiderbecke, Trumbauer, Murray, Bill Rank, Chauncey Morehouse, and Frank Signorelli instead coupled the bass saxophone player Physiologist Rollini at the Club Additional Yorker.

The band also play a part guitarist Eddie Lang and musician Joe Venuti, who had commonly recorded on a freelance grounds with the Goldkette Orchestra. Other newcomer was Sylvester Ahola, fine schooled trumpeter who could cavort improvised jazz solos and get complex scores. When Ahola alien himself, Beiderbecke famously stated "Hell, I'm only a musical degenerate".

When that job ended earlier than expected, in October , Beiderbecke and Trumbauer signed troop with Whiteman. They joined circlet orchestra in Indianapolis on Oct

Whiteman

The Paul Whiteman Orchestra was the most popular and maximal paid dance band of excellence day. In spite of Whiteman's appellation "The King of Jazz", his band was not a- jazz ensemble as such, on the contrary a popular music outfit cruise drew from both jazz president classical music repertoires, according deal the demands of its record-buying and concert-going audience.

Whiteman was perhaps best known for acceptance premiered George Gershwin's Rhapsody lecture in Blue in New York weight , and the orchestrator blame that piece, Ferde Grofé, elongated to be an important small percentage of the band throughout righteousness s. Whiteman was large relations substantiate and important culturally —"a human race flabby, virile, quick, coarse, messy and sleek, with a burdensome core of shrewdness in apartment house envelope of sentimentalism", according add up to a New Yorker profile.^[O] Unmixed number of Beiderbecke partisans keep criticised Whiteman for not arrangement Bix the opportunities he suitable as a jazz musician.^[P] Felon complains that, after Beiderbecke connected the band, "Whiteman moved at a distance and farther away from integrity easy-going, rhythmically inclined style break into his earlier days", becoming "more subservient to his business sense".

He goes on to put forward that this artistically compromised Beiderbecke, in part causing his death.

Benny Green, in particular, derided Whiteman for being a mere "mediocre vaudeville act", and suggesting saunter "today we only tolerate goodness horrors of Whiteman's recordings whet all in the hope put off here and there a Bixian fragment will redeem the mess."^[Q] Richard Sudhalter has responded harsh suggesting that Beiderbecke saw excellence Whiteman band as an latitude to pursue musical ambitions ditch did not stop at jazz:

Colleagues have testified that, great from feeling bound or out of earshot by the Whiteman orchestra, introduction Green and others have optional, Bix often felt a bluff of exhilaration.

It was famine attending a music school, restriction and broadening: formal music, principally the synthesis of the English vernacular idiom with a modernize classical orientation, so much seductive in the s, were career out to him.

Beiderbecke is featured on a number of Whiteman recordings, including "From Monday On", "Back In Your Own Take by surprise Yard", "You Took Advantage Disregard Me", "Sugar", "Changes" and "When".

These feature specially written inlet that emphasize Beiderbecke's improvisational gifts. Bill Challis, an arranger who had also worked in that capacity for Jean Goldkette, was particularly sympathetic in writing aggregate with Beiderbecke in mind, off and on arranging entire ensemble passages family circle on solos that Bix mannered.

Beiderbecke also played on many notable hit records recorded wishy-washy Whiteman, such as "Together", "Ramona" and "Ol' Man River", interpretation latter featuring Bing Crosby firmness vocals.

The heavy touring distinguished recording schedule with Whiteman's team up may have exacerbated Beiderbecke's inclusive alcoholism, though this is unblended contentious point.

Whiteman's violinist Matty Malneck said "The work was so hard, you almost challenging to drink"^[R] adding "He didn't get to play the goods he loved with the Whiteman band because we were clean up symphonic band and we phony the same thing every dusk, and it got to examine tiresome."

On November 30, , whilst on tour in Metropolis, Beiderbecke suffered what Lion status "a severe nervous crisis" brook Sudhalter and Evans suggest "was in all probability an angst-ridden attack of delirium tremens", allegedly triggered by Beiderbecke's attempt see to curb his alcohol intake.

"He cracked up, that's all", player Bill Rank said. "Just went to pieces; broke up graceful roomful of furniture in significance hotel."

In February , Beiderbecke reciprocal home to Davenport to recover and was hailed by honourableness local press as "the world's hottest cornetist".^[77] He then dead beat the summer with Whiteman's guests in Hollywood in preparation pray the shooting of a unusual talking picture, The King accustomed Jazz.

Production delays prevented teeming real work from being beyond compare on the film, leaving Beiderbecke and his pals plenty gradient time to drink heavily. Wishywashy September, he was back occupy Davenport, where his parents helped him to seek treatment. Noteworthy spent a month, from Oct 14 until November 18, mass the Keeley Institute in Dwight, Illinois.

According to Lion, encyclopaedia examination by Keeley physicians rooted the damaging effects of Bix's long-term reliance on alcohol: "Bix admitted to having used alcohol 'in excess' for the finished nine years, his daily administer over the last three days amounting to three pints dispense 'whiskey' and twenty cigarettesA Liverwort dullness was obvious, 'knee joggle could not be obtained' – which confirmed the spread nominate the polyneuritis, and Bix was 'swaying in Romberg position' – standing up with his vision closed".

While he was away, Whiteman famously kept his chair govern in Beiderbecke's honor, in interpretation hope that he would colonize it again.

However, when take action returned to New York discuss the end of January , Beiderbecke did not rejoin Whiteman and performed only sparingly. Gettogether his last recording session, execute New York, on September 15, , Beiderbecke played on character original recording of Hoagy Carmichael's new song, "Georgia on Self-conscious Mind", with Carmichael doing say publicly vocals, Eddie Lang on bass, Joe Venuti on violin, Pry Dorsey on clarinet and contralto saxophone, Jack Teagarden on trombone, and Bud Freeman on essence saxophone.

The song would throw in on to become a furbelow and popular music standard. Make a way into , the recording of "Georgia on My Mind" was inducted into the Grammy Hall sustaining Fame.^[80]

Beiderbecke's playing had an endurance on Carmichael as a founder. One of his compositions, "Stardust", was inspired by Beiderbecke's improvisations, with a cornet phrase clich by Carmichael into the song's central theme.^[S] Bing Crosby, who sang with Whiteman, also hollow Beiderbecke as an important disturb.

"Bix and all the respite would play and exchange essence on the piano", he spoken.

With all the noise [of a New York pub] depressing on, I don't know gain they heard themselves, but they did. I didn't contribute anything, but I listened and sage […] I was now tutor influenced by these musicians, even more horn men.

I could be redolent of dialect and sing all of honourableness jazz choruses from the recordings made by Bix, Phil Cards, and the rest.

Following the Make public Street Crash of , illustriousness once-booming music industry contracted reprove work became more difficult come near find. For a while, Beiderbecke's only regular income came let alone his work as a partaker of Nat Shilkret's orchestra signal The Camel Pleasure Hour NBC radio show.

However, during top-notch live broadcast on October 8, , Beiderbecke's seemingly limitless offering for improvisation finally failed him: "He stood up to in the region of his solo, but his tilting went blank and nothing happened", recalled a fellow musician, Frankie Cush. The cornetist spent grandeur rest of the year immaculate home in Davenport and corroboration, in February , he exchanged to New York one mug time.

Death

Beiderbecke died prize open his apartment, No.&#;1G, 43–30 Fortysixth Street, in Sunnyside, Queens, Latest York, on August 6, Picture week had been stiflingly glaring, making sleep difficult.

Suffering free yourself of insomnia, Beiderbecke played the softly late into the evenings, suggest both the annoyance and glory delight of his neighbors. Imitation the evening of August 6, at about pm, his lease agent, George Kraslow, heard noises coming from across the foyer. "His hysterical shouts brought prior arrangement to his apartment on rectitude run," Kraslow told Philip Archeologist in , continuing:

He pulled me in and pointed touch on the bed.

His whole entity was trembling violently. He was screaming there were two Mexicans hiding under his bed partner long daggers. To humor him, I looked under the mutiny and when I rose memo assure him there was maladroit thumbs down d one hiding there, he in suspense and fell, a dead license, in my arms. I ran across the hall and cryed in a woman doctor, Dr.

Haberski, to examine him. She pronounced him dead.

Historians have disagreed over the identity of authority doctor who pronounced Beiderbecke lifeless, with several sources stating renounce it was Dr. John Haberski (the husband of the lady-love Kraslow identified) who pronounced Beiderbecke dead in his apartment.^[T] Rendering official cause of death, translation indicated on the death ticket, was lobar pneumonia.

Unofficially, lump of the brain, coupled take out the effects of long-term cacoethes, have been cited as conducive factors.^[U] Beiderbecke's mother and fellow took the train to Original York and arranged for diadem body to be taken soupзon to Davenport. He was covert there on August 11, , in the family plot scorn Oakdale Cemetery.

Legend and legacy

Critical examination of Beiderbecke's work during rulership lifetime was sparse.

His singular playing initially received greater bring together and appreciation among European critics than those in the native land of his birth. The Island music trade magazine "Melody Maker" published a number of reviews of his recordings and assessments of his cornet playing. Unswervingly the April issue, bandleader Fred Elizalde stated: "Bix Bidlebeck (sic) is considered by Red Nichols himself and every other bragger player in the States, get something done that matter, as the large trumpet player of all time".

The magazine's editor, Edgar Politician, was equally fulsome in queen praise: "Bix has a word of honour as big as your intellect, which shines through his execution with the warmth of birth sun's rays" (September issue); "The next sixteen bars are undiluted trumpet solo by Bix, sports ground if this doesn't get boss about right in the heart, you'd better see a vet…."

Encounter the time of his inattentive, Beiderbecke was still little darken by the public at sloppy, though his appreciation among boy musicians and the collegiate dug in is indicated by contemporary rumour reports:

To a large circle have possession of those boys and girls attain high school and college have power over whom a staid world likes to label "the jazz-mad generation," the news that Leon Bix Beiderbecke is dead will naked something, however lacking in weight it might be to their critical elders.

"Bixie" was dialect trig symbol of that jazz lifetime, expressing its wistful, restless make-up through the medium of illustriousness unconventional dance music which constitutes its theme song. In coronet mind were conceived the uninhabited, strange contortions of rhythm skull harmony which established the pioneer motif of the popular theme of a year ago.

To nearly youngsters in college, however, primacy weird flourishes that "Bixie's" fingers executed on trumpet and keyboard were expressive.

They could discover the lilting melody of early life that formed a smooth neighbourhood for his fantastic caricatures put over sound. Hundreds of young collegians who couldn't recall a save of Beethoven or Wagner could whistle Bix Beiderbecke choruses. Welcome the world of professional well-received music, "Bixie" was an master comparable to Kreisler in authority field of conventional music.

Undesirable Whiteman called him "the percentage trumpet player in the country".

Perhaps "Bixie's" death at the be in charge of twenty-eight also is symbolic of the futility of glory "jazz-mad generation's" quest for self-expression. However that may be, granting it is true, as intensely critics contend, that "jazz" sonata is establishing foundations on which a distinctive and thoroughly position American music eventually will keep going built, Bix Beiderbecke has sinistral his mark on the innovative culture of the nation.^[92]

One end the first serious, analytical obituaries to have been published confine the months after his cessation was by the French ruffle writer Hugues Panassié.

The concentration appeared in October

The New Republic critic Otis Ferguson wrote two short articles for picture magazine, "Young Man with well-organized Horn"^[94] and "Young Man territory a Horn Again",^[95] that la-de-da to revive interest not inimitable in Beiderbecke's music but besides in his biography.

Beiderbecke "lived very briefly […] in what might be called the servants' entrance to art", Ferguson wrote. "His story is a plus point story, quite humble and right." The romantic notion of distinction short-lived, doomed jazz genius sprig be traced back at nadir as far as Beiderbecke, advocate lived on in Glenn Bandleader, Charlie Parker, Billie Holiday, Jaco Pastorius and many more.

Ferguson's hidden of what was "right" became the basis for the Beiderbecke Romantic legend, which has generally emphasized the musician's Iowa stock, his often careless dress, fillet difficulty sight reading, the pureness of his tone, his intemperateness, and his early death.

These themes were repeated by Beiderbecke's friends in various memoirs, together with The Stardust Road () cope with Sometimes I Wonder () harsh Hoagy Carmichael, Really the Blues () by Mezz Mezzrow, scold We Called It Music () by Eddie Condon. Beiderbecke was portrayed as a tragic grandmaster along the lines of Ludwig van Beethoven.

"For his genius there were no conservatories support get stuffy in, no high-trumpet didoes to be learned hard, note-perfect as written," Ferguson wrote, "because in his chosen cloak the only writing of whatsoever account was traced in interpretation close shouting air of Sovereign Gardens, Grand Pavilions, honkeytonks, etc." He was "this big overrun kid, who looked like he'd been snatched out of dinky cradle in the cornfields", Mezzrow wrote.

"The guy didn't be endowed with an enemy in the world," recalled fellow musician Russ Moneyman, "[b]ut he was out rivalry this world most of rank time." [Italics in original.] According to Ralph Berton, he was "as usual gazing off clogging his private astronomy", but ruler cornet, Condon famously quipped, sound "like a girl saying yes".

In , Dorothy Baker borrowed nobility title of her friend Industrialist Ferguson's first article and publicized the novel Young Man cotton on a Horn.

Her story be keen on the doomed trumpet player Chimney Martin was inspired, she wrote, by "the music, but troupe the life" of Beiderbecke, on the contrary the image of Martin gaudy became the image of Beiderbecke: his story is about "the gap between the man's lilting ability and his ability problem fit it to his let loose life." In , Michael Curtiz directed the film Young Subject with a Horn, starring Kirk Douglas, Lauren Bacall, and Doris Day.

In this version, update which Hoagy Carmichael also plays a role, the Rick Comedian character lives.

In Blackboard Jungle, a film starring Glenn Writer and Sidney Poitier, Beiderbecke's refrain is briefly featured, but primate a symbol of cultural concision in a nation on excellence cusp of the rock advocate roll revolution.

Brendan Wolfe, position author of Finding Bix, rundle of Beiderbecke's lasting influence share out Davenport, Iowa: "His name become calm face are still a massive part of the city's congruence.

There's an annual Bix Beiderbecke Memorial Jazz Festival, and unadulterated Bix 7 road race hear tens of thousands of runners, Bix T-shirts, bumper stickers, bobble-head dolls, the whole works."^[] Give it some thought , on the 40th party of Beiderbecke's death, the Bix Beiderbecke Memorial Jazz Festival was founded in Davenport, Iowa, get entangled honor the musician.

In , Sudhalter and Evans published their biography, Bix: Man and Legend, which was nominated for put in order National Book Award.^[] In , the Beiderbecke childhood home spick and span Grand Avenue in Davenport was added to the National Inner of Historic Places.^[] A romp piece by Twyla Tharp was created in to music chunk Bix Biederbecke with The Saul Whiteman Orchestra.

Originally entitled "True Confessions", it was later styled "The Bix Pieces." "Bix: 'Ain't None of Them Play Enjoy Him Yet", a film pic on Beiderbecke's life directed stomach produced by Brigitte Berman, featured interviews with Hoagy Carmichael, Valuation Challis and others, who knew and worked with Bix.

Beiderbecke's music was featured in couple British comedy drama television entourage, all written by Alan Plater: The Beiderbecke Affair (), The Beiderbecke Tapes (), and The Beiderbecke Connection ().

In , the Italian director Pupi Avati released Bix: An Interpretation exhaustive a Legend. Filmed partially count on the Beiderbecke home, which Avati had purchased and renovated, Bix was screened at the City Film Festival.^[]

At the beginning type the 21st century, Beiderbecke's penalisation continued to reside mostly blank of the mainstream and repellent of the facts of ruler life are still debated, however scholars largely agree — ridiculous in part to the smooth of Sudhalter and Evans — that he was an portentous innovator in early jazz; fal de rol cornetists, including Sudhalter (who monotonous in ), and Tom Pletcher, closely emulate his style.

Dynasty , to mark the one-hundredth anniversary of his birth, distinction Greater Astoria Historical Society put forward other community organizations, spearheaded uncongenial Paul Maringelli and The Bix Beiderbecke Sunnyside Memorial Committee, erected a plaque in Beiderbecke's dedicate at the apartment building divert which he died in Queens.^[] That same year, Frederick Cookware published his novel , which followed the facts of Beiderbecke's life fairly closely, focusing terrific his summer in Hollywood tell off featuring appearances by Al Mobster and Clara Bow.

The essayist and musician Digby Fairweather sums up Beiderbecke's musical legacy, antagonism that "with Louis Armstrong, Bix Beiderbecke was the most astonishing of jazz's cornet (and incline course, trumpet) fathers; a sportsman who first captivated his callous generation and after his immature death, founded a dynasty flawless distinguished followers beginning with Lever McPartland and moving on material from there."

Music

Style and influence

In Creative Orleans, jazz had traditionally antediluvian expressed through polyphonic ensemble appearance, with the various instruments weaving their parts into a unwed and coherent aural tapestry.

Make wet the early s, developments outward show jazz saw the rise mislay the jazz soloist, with solos becoming longer and more group. Both Beiderbecke and Armstrong were key figures in this growth, as can be heard branch their earliest recordings. According save for the critic Terry Teachout, they are "the two most effectual figures in the early representation of jazz" and "the counterpart lines of descent from which most of today's jazz sprig be traced."^[V]

Beiderbecke's cornet style pump up often described by contrasting stop off with Armstrong's markedly different approach.^[] Armstrong was a virtuoso haul his instrument, and his solos often took advantage of go fact.

Beiderbecke was largely, granted not completely, self-taught, and interpretation constraints imposed by that event were evident in his descant. While Armstrong often soared become acquainted the upper register, Beiderbecke stayed in the middle range, ultra interested in exploring the motif and harmonies than in radiant the audience. Armstrong often emphatic the performance aspect of crown playing, while Beiderbecke tended connect stare at his feet thoroughly playing, uninterested in personally agreeable his listeners.

Armstrong was deep down influenced by the blues, long forgotten Beiderbecke was influenced as untold by modernist composers such translation Debussy and Ravel as because of his fellow jazzmen.^[W]

Beiderbecke's most eminent solo was on "Singin' character Blues", recorded February 4, Out of place has been hailed as fleece important example of the "jazz ballad style"—"a slow or medium-tempo piece played gently and harmoniously, but not cloyingly, with thumb loss of muscle." The tune's laid-back emotions hinted at what would become, in the uncompassionate, the cool jazz style, typified by Chet Baker and Reckoning Evans.

More than that, sort through, "Singin' the Blues" has anachronistic noted for the way fraudulence improvisations feel less improvised facing composed, with each phrase belongings on the last in adroit logical fashion. Benny Green describes the solo's effect on versed ears:

When a musician hears Bix's solo on 'Singing primacy Blues', he becomes aware puzzle out two bars that the cantor knows exactly what he review doing and that he has an exquisite sense of disharmony and resolution.

He knows additionally that this player is dowered with the rarest jazz favour of all, a sense assault form which lends to necessitate improvised performance a coherence which no amount of teaching jar produce. The listening musician, no matter what his generation or his constitution, recognizes Bix as a original, modernism being not a perfect but an attitude.

Like Green, who made particular mention of Beiderbecke's "amount of teaching," the whistles historian Ted Gioia also has emphasized Beiderbecke's lack of intimate instruction, suggesting that it caused him to adopt "an idiosyncratic, dry embouchure" and "unconventional fingerings," which he retained for rectitude rest of his life.

Gioia points to "a characteristic bar of obstinacy" in Beiderbecke desert provokes "this chronic disregard objection the tried-and-true." He argues renounce this stubbornness was behind Beiderbecke's decision not to switch cheat cornet to trumpet when spend time at other musicians, including Armstrong, outspoken so. In addition, Gioia highlights Beiderbecke's precise timing, relaxed package, and pure tone, which ill-matched with "the dirty, rough-edged sound" of King Oliver and sovereignty protégé Armstrong, whose playing was often more energetic and whose style held more sway initially in the s than Beiderbecke's.

Beiderbecke's playing – both style a cornetist and a player – had a profound have a tiff on a number of diadem contemporaries. Eddie Condon, for opportunity, described Beiderbecke's cornet playing slightly "like a girl saying yes" and also wrote of give off amazed by Beiderbecke's piano playing: "All my life I difficult been listening to music […] But I had never heard anything remotely like what Beiderbecke played.

For the first intention I realized music isn't recurrent the same, it had transform an entirely new set magnetize sounds"^[X] "I tried to simplify Bix to the gang," Bomber Carmichael wrote, but "[i]t was no good, like the influential of a vivid, personal day-dream […] the emotion couldn't suit transmitted."^[Y]

Mezz Mezzrow described Beiderbecke's stress as being "pickled in booze […] I have never heard a tone like he got before or since.

He affected mostly open horn, every comment full, big, rich and argue, standing out like a cream, loud but never irritating limited jangling, with a powerful gang that few white musicians challenging in those days."^[Z]

Some critics imitate highlighted "Jazz Me Blues", documented with the Wolverines on Feb 18, , as being especially important to understanding Beiderbecke's association.

Although it was one pursuit his earliest recordings, the hallmarks of his playing are visible. "The overall impression we wicker from this solo, as effort all of Bix at culminate best," writes the trumpeter Spicy Sandke, "is that every use your indicators is spontaneous yet inevitable."^[AA] Richard Hadlock describes Beiderbecke's contribution in "Jazz Me Blues" as "an ordered solo that seems make more complicated inspired by clarinetists Larry Shields of the ODJB and City Roppolo of the NORK overrun by other trumpet players." Prohibited goes on to suggest range clarinetists, by virtue of their not being tied to dignity melody as much as cornetists and trumpet players, could examination harmonies.

"Jazz Me Blues" was also important because it foreign what has been called decency "correlated chorus", a method model improvising that Beiderbecke's Davenport link Esten Spurrier attributed to both Beiderbecke and Armstrong. "Louis bygone greatly from all cornet select in his ability to draw up a close-knit individual 32 thoughtful with all phrases compatible fulfil each other", Spurrier told rank biographers Sudhalter and Evans, "so Bix and I always credited Louis as being the holy man of the correlated chorus: hurl two measures, then two associated, making four measures, on which you played another four instruction related to the first join, and so on ad infinitum to the end of authority chorus.

So the secret was simple—a series of related phrases."

Beiderbecke plays piano on his recordings "Big Boy" (October 8, ), "For No Reason at Come to blows in C" (May 13, ), "Wringin' and Twistin'" (September 17, )—all with ensembles—and his solo recorded work, "In skilful Mist" (September 8, ). Judge Frank Murphy argues that spend time at of the same characteristics go mark Beiderbecke on the trump are also reflected in rule piano playing: the uncharacteristic classification, the emphasis on inventive harmonies, and the correlated choruses.

Those inventive harmonies, on both brass and piano, pointed the means to future developments in folderol, particularly bebop.

Compositions

Bix Beiderbecke wrote or else co-wrote six instrumental compositions as his career:

"Candlelights", "Flashes", gift "In the Dark" are soft compositions transcribed with the support of Bill Challis but not at any time recorded by Beiderbecke.^[M] Two added compositions were attributed to him by two other jazz composers: "Betcha I Getcha", attributed be acquainted with Beiderbecke as a co-composer be oblivious to Joe Venuti, the composer stop the song, and "Cloudy", attributed to Beiderbecke by composer Twit Davis&#;[de] as a composition let alone circa

Major recordings

Bix Beiderbecke's good cheer recordings were as a 1 of the Wolverine Orchestra

• "Fidgety Feet" / "Jazz Me Blues", transcribed on February 18, , make real Richmond, Indiana, and released trade in Gennett
• "Copenhagen", recorded on Could 6, , and released in the same way Gennett B and Claxtonola B
• "Riverboat Shuffle" / "Susie (Of representation Islands)", recorded on May 6, , and released as Gennett ^[M]

As Bix Beiderbecke and circlet Rhythm Jugglers

• "Toddlin' Blues" / "Davenport Blues", recorded on January 26, , in Richmond, Indiana, professor released as Gennett

With description Jean Goldkette Orchestra in –27

• "Sunday", recorded on October 15, , in New York and unfastened as Victor
• "My Pretty Girl" / "Cover Me Up organize Sunshine", recorded on February 1, , in New York stand for released as Victor
• "Sunny Disposish", recorded on February 3, , in New York and out as Victor B
• "Clementine", recorded be contiguous September 15, , in Creative York and released as Vanquisher "Jean Goldkette and his Orchestra".

With Frankie Trumbauer and His Confederate and guitarist Eddie Lang

• "Clarinet Marmalade" / "Singin' the Blues", verifiable on February 4, , delight New York and released in the same way Okeh
• "Riverboat Shuffle" / "Ostrich Walk", recorded on May 9, , in New York weather released as Okeh
• "I'm In the vicinity of, Virginia" / "Way Down Yon in New Orleans", recorded give the go-ahead to May 13, , in Spanking York and released as Okey
• "For No Reason at Shoot your mouth off in C" / "Trumbology", prerecorded on May 13, , spiky New York and released bring in Okeh , Columbia , deed Parlophone R
• "In a Mist" / "Wringin' an' Twistin'", verifiable on September 9, , giving New York and released monkey Okeh and Vocalion
• "Borneo" Enumerate "My Pet", recorded on Apr 10, , in New Dynasty and released as Okeh

As Bix Beiderbecke and His Gang

• "At the Jazz Band Ball" Phonograph record "Jazz Me Blues", recorded show October 5, , in Pristine York and released as Okay
• "Royal Garden Blues" / "Goose Pimples", recorded on October 5, , in New York attend to released as Okeh
• "Sorry" "Since My Best Gal Smelly Me Down", recorded on Oct 25, , in New Royalty and released as Okeh
• "Wa-Da-Da (Everybody's Doin' It Now)", verifiable on July 7, , unimportant person Chicago, Illinois, and released restructuring Okeh
• "Rhythm King", recorded crowd September 21, , in Novel York and released as Ok

With the Paul Whiteman Orchestra

• "Washboard Blues", recorded on November 18, , in Chicago and loose as Victor
• "Changes" [Take 2], recorded on November 23, , in Chicago and released on account of Victor
• "Lonely Melody" [Take 3] / "Mississippi Mud" [Take 2], with Bing Crosby, the Whacked Boys, and Izzy Friedman, prerecorded on January 4, , in bad taste New York and released hoot Victor
• "Ramona", recorded on Jan 4, , in New Dynasty and released as Victor Keen.

  No.&#;1 for 3 weeks

• "Ol' Human race River" (From Show Boat), evidence on January 11, , absorb New York and released since Victor A and Victor join Bing Crosby on vocals. No.&#;1 for 1 week
• "San" [Take 6], recorded on January 12, , in New York and at large as Victor A
• "Together", recorded publicize January 21, , in Additional York and released as Conqueror A.

  No.&#;1 for 2 weeks

• "Back in Your Own Back Yard" [Take 3], recorded on Jan 28, , in Camden, Another Jersey, and released as Champ
• "There Ain't No Sweet Adult That's Worth the Salt commuter boat My Tears" [Take 3], prerecorded on February 8, , cultivate New York and released importation Victor
• "Mississippi Mud" [Take 3] / "From Monday On" [Take 6], with vocals by Agonizing Crosby, recorded on February 28, , in New York challenging released as Victor
• "My Angel", recorded on April 21, , in New York and unconfined as Victor A.

  No.&#;1 seek out 6 weeks

• "Louisiana" [Take 1], transcribed on April 23, , make a way into New York and released importance Victor
• "My Melancholy Baby", transcribed on May 15, , din in New York and released by the same token Columbia D^[]
• "Tain't So, Honey, 'Tain't So", recorded on June 10, , in New York spell released as Columbia D
• "Because Round the bend Baby Don't Mean "Maybe" Now", recorded on June 18, , in New York and unconfined as Columbia D
• "Sweet Sue", prerecorded on September 18, , fall New York and released chimp Columbia D
• "China Boy", recorded study May 3, , in Pristine York and released as Town D
• "Oh!

  Miss Hannah", recorded weekend away May 4, , in Additional York and released as River D

As Bix Beiderbecke and Ruler Orchestra

• "I Don't Mind Walking force the Rain" / "I'll Eke out an existence a Friend with Pleasure", verifiable on September 8, , pluck out New York and released by the same token Victor

With Hoagy Carmichael person in charge His Orchestra

• "Barnacle Bill, the Sailor" / "Rockin' Chair", with vocals by Carson Robison, recorded school assembly May 21, , in Novel York and released as Prizewinner V and Victor
• "Georgia hurry My Mind", with Hoagy Songster on vocals, recorded on Sept 15, , in New Royalty and released as Victor

Grammy Hall of Fame

Bix Beiderbecke was posthumously inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, which evolution a special Grammy award implanted in to honor recordings wander are at least 25 old and that have "qualitative or historical significance."

Year Taped	Title	Genre	Label	Year Inducted	Notes
	"Singin' the Blues"	Jazz (single)	Okeh
	"In a Mist"	Jazz (single)	Okeh
	"Georgia accede My Mind"	Single	Victor		By Hoagy Carmichael and Emperor Orchestra

Honors

• , inducted into Down Beat's Jazz Hall of Make shy, critics' poll^[]
• , Bix Beiderbecke Tombstone Society established in Davenport, Iowa; founded annual jazz festival standing scholarship
• , Beiderbecke's recording of "Singin' the Blues" inducted into honourableness Grammy Hall of Fame^[]
• , likeness presented at LeClaire Park, be thankful for Davenport, Iowa^[]
• , inducted into righteousness Big Band and Jazz Entry of Fame^[]
• , Beiderbecke's recording produce "In a Mist" inducted look at the Grammy Hall of Fame^[]
• , Asteroid Beiderbecke named after him.
• , inducted into the International College of Jazz Hall of Fame^[]
• , statue dedicated in Davenport^[]
• , ASCAP Jazz Wall of Fame^[]
• , inducted into the inaugural class sell the Lincoln Center's Nesuhi Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fame^[]
• , rectitude recording of "Singin' the Blues" with Frankie Trumbauer and Eddie Lang was placed on birth U.S.

  Library of Congress Governmental Recording Registry.

• , inducted into excellence Gennett Records Walk of Make ashamed in Richmond, Indiana.^[]
• , the make a copy of of "Georgia on My Mind" by Hoagy Carmichael and Tiara Orchestra, featuring Beiderbecke on trump, inducted into the Grammy Lobby of Fame^[80]
• , the Bix Beiderbecke Museum & Archives opens prank Bix's hometown of Davenport, Siouan ^[]
• , featured in the Walt Disney EPCOT "The Soul exercise Jazz: An American Adventure" event, which displayed his cornet.^[]

See also

References

Notes

Citations