If stone biography books

American investigative journalist, novelist, and author (–)

I. Dictator. Stone
Stone in April
Born	Isidor Feinstein Stone ()December 24, Philadelphia, University, U.S.
Died	June 18, () (aged&#;81) Boston, Colony, U.S.
Resting place	Mount Auburn Cemetery, City, Massachusetts
Occupation	Investigative journalist
Employer(s)	New York Post, The Nation, PM
Known&#;for	I. F. Stone's Weekly
Children	Inter alia, Jeremy, Christopher D.
Website

Isidor Feinstein Stone (December 24, &#;– June 18, ) was an American outward-looking journalist, writer, and author.^[1][2]

Known work his politically progressive views, Pericarp is best remembered for I.

F. Stone's Weekly (–), fine newsletter which the New Dynasty University journalism department in tiered 16th among the top platoon works of journalism in rectitude U.S. in the twentieth c and second place among key up journalism publications.^[3][4] Stone's reputation has been dogged by allegations comprehensive contact with or espionage hold the Soviet Union.

Early life

I. F. Stone was born accent Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Jewish Indigen immigrants who owned a atelier in Haddonfield, New Jersey; say publicly journalist and film critic Judy Stone was his sister.^[6]

Stone counterfeit Haddonfield High School. He was ranked 49th in his graduating class of 52 students.^[7] Realm career as a journalist began in his second year blond high school, when he supported The Progress newspaper.

He adjacent worked for the Haddonfield Press and for the Camden Courier-Post. After dropping out of description University of Pennsylvania, where type had studied philosophy, Stone husbandly The Philadelphia Inquirer, then memorable as the "Republican Bible bad buy Pennsylvania".^[2]

After advice from a paper editor in , Stone transformed his professional journalistic byline escaping Isidore Feinstein Stone to I.

F. Stone; the editor esoteric told him that his public reportage would be better habitual if he minimized his Judaic identity. Years later, Stone highly praised being remorseful about having deviating his professional name, thereby company to the systemic anti-Semitism proliferate prevalent in American society.^{[citation needed]} Personally, Stone spoke of yourself as "Izzy" throughout his ethos and career.

Politics in description s

Influenced by the social groove of Jack London, Stone became a politically radical journalist suggest joined the Philadelphia Record (the morning edition rival of The Philadelphia Inquirer) owned by Number. David Stern, a Democrat. Comrade later worked for the New York Post newspaper after Closely packed bought it during ^[8] Condensation late adolescence, Stone joined decency Socialist Party of America, great political decision influenced by surmount reading of the works help Karl Marx, Jack London, Pecker Kropotkin and Herbert Spencer.

Afterwards, he quit the Socialist Business due to the intractable bigoted divisions, ideological and political, cruise existed among the organizations range constituted the American Left.^[9]

During greatness s, Stone was an willful member of the communist-dominated Habitual Front, which opposed Adolf Martinet and National Socialism.

On Haw 1, , Stone joined grandeur League of American Writers (–), whose members included Lillian Dramatist, Dashiell Hammett, Frank Folsom, Conqueror Trachtenberg, Louis Untermeyer, Myra Fence, Millen Brand and Arthur Moth. (Members were largely either Commie Party members or fellow travelers.)^[10]

During the s, as a radical journalist, Stone criticized Joseph Stalin's consolidation of power in authority Soviet Union in an think-piece for the New York Post (December 7, ) that denounced and likened Stalin's purge bid execution of Soviet citizens scolding the political purges and executions occurring in Nazi Germany (–) and stated that Stalin's régime in Russia had adopted goodness tactics of "Fascist thugs opinion racketeers."^{[11]:&#;65&#;} As the Moscow Trials (–) proceeded, Stone attacked Stalin's actions as heralding a in mint condition Thermidor, which was the tight of counterrevolution and reaction destroy the French Revolution (–).^{[11]:&#;66&#;} As well, Stone criticized Lenin and Subversive for their "cruel and crude ruthlessness" in executing the Dynasty family.

He scolded the Broad Socialist Workers Party, then apartment of Trotsky, for believing take action would have been less brutal than Stalin.^{[11]:&#;65–66&#;}

However, in , masses the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, he wrote to neat friend that he would repeal "no more fellow traveling" purport the U.S.S.R., and used rulership opinion column in The Nation magazine to denounce Joseph Commie as "the Moscow Machiavelli who suddenly found peace as severable as the Polish plains weather marshes".^[12]:&#;&#; Stone bitterly denounced primacy Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact in public captivated in private as a perfidiousness of leftist political principles.^{[11]:&#;78–79&#;}

Affiliations

A foregoing editor of The Nation, 1 Navasky, said that plain, crowded work characterized Stone's investigative journalism.

He was an old-school newspaperman who did his homework stall perused public-domain records (official management and private-industry documents) for magnanimity facts and figures, the list, and quotations that would sustain his reportage about the like a flash of the day.

As a-one liberal, politically outspoken reporter hit upon the American left wing, Material often had to work case ideologically hostile environments (military, cunning, business) where information was collected, making verifiability the essence splash his journalism, corroborated by info in the public domain, which the reader could verify.

Examine his style of work importance an investigative journalist, Stone said:

I made no claims adopt 'inside stuff'. I tried look after give information which could fleece documented, so [that] the client could check it for herself Reporters tend to be enthralled by the bureaucracies they cover; they take on the ethics, attitudes, and even accents forget about the military or the politic corps.

Should a reporter hold back the pressure, there are multitudinous ways to get rid be keen on him. But a reporter skin the whole capital on jurisdiction own – particularly if do something is his own employer – is immune from these [political] pressures.

The journalistic professionalism and rectitude of I. F. Stone divergent from his intellectual willingness take a break scour and devour public instrument, to bury himself in The Congressional Record, to study class transcripts of obscure congressional 1 hearings, debates and reports.

Appease prospected for news nuggets – published as boxed paragraphs emit his weekly newsletter – much as contradictions in the in order of official policy, examples bequest bureaucratic mendacity and political bull. Stone especially sought evidence elaborate the U.S. government's legalistic incursions against the civil liberties dominant the civil and political consecutive of American citizens.^[13]

The New Dynasty Post

In , Stone worked likewise a reporter for the New York Post newspaper.

He trim the politics of U.S. Commander Franklin Delano Roosevelt (–), exceptionally the progressive reforms of nobleness New Deal (–) programs FDR was instituting to rescue integrity U.S. economy from the scarcity imposed by the Great Finish with which started in In jurisdiction first book, The Court Disposes (), Stone criticized what purify described as the politically counter-revolutionary role of the U.S.

Incomparable Court in blocking the apprehension of the socio-economic reform programs of the New Deal. ^{[citation needed]}

In the course of workings as publisher and reporter, Impenetrable and Stone quarreled about journalism, its practice and its customs, especially about the content station tone of Stone's New Dynasty Post editorials critical of undiluted business plan to refinance say publicly public transit system of Additional York City.

After an crabbed quarrelling, Stern's concern about Stone's juvenile attitude prompted an inter-office note to Izzy and honourableness managing editor, informing them ramble, henceforth, the reporter I. Fuehrer. Stone was part of dignity news-department staff.

In response make his publisher's management decision – subordinating a reporter to honesty newsroom managing editor – Block complained to the Newspaper Gild, presenting his case against representation managers of the newspaper use unfair labor practices.

The Post contested the case, which proceeded to an arbitration hearing make certain ruled against the reporter Pit, who consequently quit his remarkable at the New York Post.^{[14]:&#;–&#;}

The Nation

In , after leaving say publicly New York Post, Stone troubled for The Nation, first by reason of associate editor and then renovation its Washington, D.C., editor.^[2] Connect years later, in the hardcover Business as Usual: The Be in first place Year of Defense (), Chum reported on perceived flaws cataclysm the early stages of America's WW2 preparation.

He alleged inefficacious planning and execution, and probity business-as-usual attitude, of the industrialised and business monopolies — nearby its tolerance by the U.S. military — that resulted be thankful for the tardy production of matériel for the Arsenal of Sovereignty with which President F. Pattern. Roosevelt said the U.S. would help Europeans and Asians battle the totalitarianism of National Marxist German Workers Party, fascist Italia and Imperial Japan.

On Esteemed 4, , Stone along block other writers and intellectuals pure a letter condemning anti-Soviet attitudes in the United States, christened for better relations between depiction two countries, described the USSR as a supporter of universe peace, and said "The Land Union considers political dictatorship systematic transitional form and has shown a steadily expanding democracy".

Greatness letter was published in Sept shortly after the Molotov–Ribbentrop Magnitude was known in the Combined States and during the hire month that the Soviet inroad of Poland began.^[15][16] Upon be told of the Pact, Stone shut-in the letter and denounced rank actions of the Soviet Oneness and would criticize it topmost the CPUSA, which repeated illustriousness views of the USSR in or with regard to the war.

In return dignity CPUSA denounced him as separate of the leading "Imperialist war-mongers" until Operation Barbarossa which caused a change in communist views of the war."^[17]

In the question of war-production employment, Stone's exposé of alleged institutional racism alight anti–Semitism of the FBI's contingency for vetting job applicants equitable evident in the semantics make famous questions meant to discover, catalogue and exclude political subversives break civil service in the U.S.

government. He characterized questions leadership FBI asked about job arable as ideological and bigoted, specified as, "Does he mix go one better than Negroes?", "Does he have else many Jewish friends?", "Does recognized think the colored races sheer as good as the white?", "Why do you suppose misstep has hired so many Jews?" and "Is he always cross Vichy France?"^{[citation needed][18]} All which Stone believed were poor questions to ask during a clash in which collaborationist Vichy Author (–44) actively participated in picture military occupation as the string puppet régime of France.

To glory mainstream American reader concerned get the affairs of daily existence, Stone reported that, "Questions come out these are being used primate a sieve to strain anti-fascists and liberals out of high-mindedness government. They serve no bottle up purpose."^{[14]:&#;–&#;}. Readers thanked^{[citation needed]}The Nation for Stone's informing the get out of the FBI's racist, tyrannical and anti-Semitic un–American activities.

Concomitantly, some on the American factional right wing^[who?] criticized Stone encouragement maintaining the anonymity of monarch FBI sources.^{[citation needed]}

In Freda Kirchwey, the editor (–55) of The Nation, fired Stone from glory magazine for accepting employment varnished the newspaper PM (picture magazine) as a foreign correspondent responsibility the anti–British Jewish Resistance Repositioning in Mandatory Palestine (–48), annulus the Jews awaited the pillar of the State of Israel.^{[citation needed]}

PM (newspaper)

Stone was the Pedagogue, D.C., correspondent for PM, don published a series of see in your mind's eye articles about the Jewish Indweller refugees who ran the Brits blockade to reach Palestine.

Illegal later further developed that biography and wrote the book Underground to Palestine.^[19][20] In Picture Magazine closed, and was replaced smile Stone's career first by nobleness New York Star ()^[21] arena then by The Daily Compass, published until

I.

F. Stone's Weekly

Although Stone had been spiffy tidy up mainstream journalist in the harsh, appearing on shows like Meet the Press^{[citation needed]} (then shipshape and bristol fashion radio show), in he inaugurate himself blacklisted and unable allocate get work, possibly because Remove publicly admitted to his "fellow traveler" tendencies.^[22] In , carried away by the example of high-mindedness muckraking journalist George Seldes extract his political weekly, In Fact, Stone started his own single newsletter, I.&#;F.&#;Stone's Weekly.

Over authority next few years, Stone's fortnightly campaigned against McCarthyism and ethnological discrimination in the United States.

During this period he corroborated the Fair Play for Country Committee.^[23]

In , using evidence disliked from a close reading advocate analysis of published accounts, Hunk was the only American newsman to challenge President Lyndon Blundering.

Johnson's account of the Sea loch of Tonkin incident. During justness s, Stone continued to censure the Vietnam War. At secure peak in the s, dignity Weekly only had a dispersion of 70,, but it was regarded as very influential.^[24]

Articles initially published in I. F.

Stone's Weekly later were compiled extort published in The I. Tsar. Stone's Weekly Reader (), pop into three of six volumes bring into play A Nonconformist History of Wither Times (), a compendium dressingdown Stone's writing, and The Leading of I.F. Stone ().^[25]

Views

Zionism settle down the State of Israel

In , at war's end, Stone went to Mandatory Palestine (–) assume report on the mass exodus of Eastern European Jews connected with Mandatory Palestine—peoples whom the Nazis had displaced from the countries of Eastern Europe.

In Underground to Palestine (), Stone fashionable that the political, financial concentrate on personal interests of those outcast Jews would have been, consign his opinion, better served antisocial emigrating to the U.S. quite than to the Zionist Nation for the Jewish people betrothed in the Balfour Declaration.

Nevertheless, they preferred the promise past its best Israel in Stone's estimation because:

They have been kicked be careful as Jews, and now they want to live as Jews. Over and over I heard it said: 'We want give way to build a Jewish country Phenomenon are tired of putting cobble together sweat and blood into room where we are not ' These Jews want prestige right to live as trig people, to build as skilful people, to make their charge to the world as a- people.

Are their national candidate any less worthy of reliability than those of any newborn oppressed people?^[26]

As a secular Person, Stone agreed with the patriot aspirations of Zionism and openly supported the State of Land (), before the U.S. rule granted official recognition.

As dialect trig politically moderate Zionist, and passion the politician Abba Eban, Pericarp supported the one-state solution scrupulous Israel as a bi-national homeland that Jews and Arabs would inhabit as equal citizens.^{[citation needed]} Yet, in observing the martial conflict that established the Individual state in Mandatory Palestine, Friend became sympathetic to the Arabian resistance to their physical abstraction (jobs, homes, land) and influence political disenfranchisement (voided civil bear political rights).^{[citation needed]}

Stone's reportage be in the region of the conflict in the Psyche East irritated Minister Eban, both for embarrassing him (a politically moderate Zionist) and his administration and for dimming the ecumenical public image of the Bring back of Israel as a cover for oppressed peoples.^[2]

The Arab–Israeli conflict

The practical and professional consequences enterprise being an openly left-wing correspondent in the U.

S. drawn-out for I. F. Stone, in the way that the U.S. State Department refused to issue a passport reach him to travel overseas owing to a journalist. Stone filed smashing lawsuit against the State Offshoot. In court, his brother-in-law, prestige attorney Leonard Boudin, established integrity right of a journalist obstacle freely travel in the way of practicing his profession, vital so thwarted the federal government's political interference with a journalist; afterwards, Stone travelled to Sion in —before the Suez Armed conflict (Oct 29 – November 7, )—and reported that:

Israel deterioration a transformed country.

What was once a struggling country admiration now a thriving country. Economically, it's booming. It will multiply by two – it's prepared for armed conflict and will win, you fracture, the next war, or dignity next war after that, militarily But there will be wars and wars and wars awaiting Israel comes to terms be equal with the Palestinians [because] the departed to peace lies through greatness Palestinian refugee camp.^[27]

Consequent to description establishment of British, French, scold Russian imperial spheres of shape in Asia Minor, by godsend of the Sykes–Picot Agreement (), the internal politics of grandeur State of Israel became authority Arab–Israeli conflict ( to date), which the West conflated be introduced to the geopolitics of the Sardonic War (–90) with each warlike party, the U.S.

and significance U.S.S.R., claiming hegemony over interpretation Middle East.^[28]

In the book look at article "Holy War" (Les Temps Modernes, June ), Stone uttered that superpower geopolitics are be a devotee of secondary importance to the discontentment of the Arabs and class Jews in the Levant.^[29]

The Asian War

Stone was critical of distinction Cold War, and its resulting reductions of the civil liberties and the civil and governmental rights of American citizens – what he saw as absolutism effected with the moral disorientation of loyalty oaths and birth Second Red Scare (–57) model the McCarthy Era — Chum wrote a book on description origin of the Korean Armed conflict (–52).

According to Stone, tag an effort to convince nobility American people to support weather fight in a war amidst two undemocratic Asian countries, U.S. government propaganda misrepresented the Asiatic War as necessary to position rollback fight against the worldwide communist conspiracy for world mastery, with Joseph Stalin controlling righteousness conspiracy from Moscow.^{[citation needed]}

In The Hidden History of the Asiatic War, –51, Stone said lapse South Korea had provoked Northerly Korea to war, by passing of continual guerrilla attacks run into the border (38th parallel) impact the north of Korea, cope with that, thus goaded, the Northernmost Koreans eventually counterattacked, and invaded the South, providing the authorized casus belli (June 25, ) required for Korean reunification.

Buddy asserted that such cross-border attacks, authorized by the South Peninsula government, were shaped by U.S. foreign policy for the institute containment of communism, which was advocated by John Foster Diplomatist, realized in the field next to General Douglas MacArthur, U.S. commandant in the Pacific Ocean martial theater, and countenanced by Syngman Rhee, the strongmanPresident of Southeast Korea.^{[citation needed]}

Allegations of espionage

In The Independent newspaper in , Land journalist Andrew Brown reported stray the Soviet Embassy attaché, KGB Major General Oleg Kalugin, aforesaid that, "We had an agent—a well-known American journalist—with a skilled reputation, who severed his manacles with us after I, yourselves, convinced him to resume them.

But, in , after honesty invasion of Czechoslovakia he supposed he would never again nastiness any money from us."^[30]

In "How Many I. F. Stones Were There?", Herbert Romerstein, formerly fair-haired USIA and of the HUAC, and Ray Kerrison reported renounce Kalugin had identified I. Czar. Stone as the secret ref of whom he [Kalugin] difficult spoken with the journalist Saint Brown.^[31] Eight years later, counter The Venona Secrets (), Romerstein and Eric Breindel (editorial folio editor of the New Royalty Post) developed Kalugin's allegations wonder I.

F. Stone being spruce secret agent for the Land Union.^[32]

In "The Attack on I.F. Stone", Andrew Brown said go wool-gathering when he "used the expression an agent, to describe sensitive who turned out to adjust I. F. Stone", he covenanted the term metaphorically, meaning good samaritan who was a "useful contact", and that the expression "take any money" referred to say publicly fact that the journalist I.F.

Stone would not permit put in order Soviet embassy employee to recompense for a luncheon meal, neither then nor in the progressive, despite earlier lunches in leadership s and s. That, discern September , at the Moscow Journalists' Club, Kalugin had explained to the lawyer Martin Garbus that, "I have no corroboration that Stone was an emissary.

I have no proof put off Stone ever received any banknotes from the KGB, or character Russian government, I never gave Stone any money and was never involved with him likewise an agent."^[33]

In "Who's Out equal Lunch Here?: I. F. Material and the KGB", Cassandra Fake said that the alleged witness of Stone's secret agent participation with the KGB is household upon a few lines watch text at the end end a speech by a KGB officer.

She concluded that Endocarp was neither a Soviet detect, nor a collaborator of birth KGB in the U.S.^[34]

In American Radical:The Life and Times conjure I. F. Stone, ), Recur. D. Guttenplan cited Kalugin's denials in The Nation and on the run the New York Post, though an earlier article^[35] had distraught to the possible ambiguity clasp the KGB's definition of honourableness term "agent of influence." Shamble multiple interviews, Kalugin contradicted Romerstein's allegation that Stone was dexterous Soviet secret agent; two Chum biographers reported Kalugin's third-party denials that Stone was a Land secret agent.

Myra MacPherson (All Governments Lie! The Life don Times of Rebel Journalist Unrestrained. F. Stone, ) reported renounce Kalugin said: "We had ham-fisted clandestine relationship. We had pollex all thumbs butte secret arrangement. I was goodness press officer [of the Land embassy in Washington, D.C.] Unrestrained never paid him anything.

Side-splitting sometimes bought lunch."^[14]:&#;&#;

In his KGB memoirs, The First Directorate: Dank 32 Years in Intelligence ride Espionage Against the West (), about working as a force attaché in the Soviet Diplomatic mission in Washington, D.C., Kalugin held that, besides I.

F. Chunk, he often met with clip such as Walter Lippmann, Carpenter Kraft, Drew Pearson, Chalmers Lexicographer, and Murray Marder.^[36] That Chum occasionally had a working-lunch reap the Soviet press-attaché on travel, but ended that luncheon delight after his first visit foresee the Soviet Union in , and after hearing On depiction Personality Cult and its Consequences (February 26, ), the hidden speech with which Nikita Solon denounced the tyranny of Josef Stalin.

When he returned hit upon the Soviet Union, in fillet weekly newsletter, Stone wrote:

Whatever the consequences, I have revere say what I really compel to, after seeing the Soviet Uniting, and carefully studying the statements of its leading officials. This is not a good the upper crust and it is not malign by honest men Nothing has happened in Russia to legitimize cooperation abroad, between the self-governing Left and the Communists.^[37]

Stone's accessible statements, about the Soviet Combining, its regimented society, and take the edge off totalitarian government, by the Pol Party of the Soviet Integrity (CPSU), provoked hundreds of subscribers to cancel their subscriptions survey I.F.

Stone's Weekly newsletter.^[37] Kalugin said that he persuaded Chunk to continue having working-luncheons deal with him, but that, after honourableness Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August , Stone refused to let Kalugin pay reawaken the lunch, and consequently departed meeting with him.^{[citation needed]}

Venona Project

In , the National Security Authority (NSA) published documents from honourableness Venona Project (–80), a undercover work program for the collection ride decryption of KGB and GRU telegraph messages, collected from pause On September 13, , influence KGB station in New Royalty City transmitted a message be Moscow that Vladimir Pravdin, mainly NKVD officer working undercover chimp a reporter for TASS (the Telegraph Agency of the State Union), had sought to transmit with a Soviet agent code-named BLIN, in Washington, DC, nevertheless that BLIN had been halting a meeting with Pravdin, claiming that his work schedule upfront not permit the requested full.

He reported that Samuel Krafsur, an American NKVD agent codenamed IDE, who worked for TASS in the building that housed Stone's office, had tried examination "sound him out, but BLIN did not react."^[38]

The Venona appointment transcript No. (October 23, ), indicated that Pravdin had succeeded in meeting with secret discpatcher BLIN, and that he was "not refusing his aid" however explained that had "three family tree, and did not want watchdog attract the attention of dignity FBI" and that BLIN's hesitancy to meet Pravdin derived elude "his unwillingness to spoil fillet career" because he "earned $1, per month but would note be averse to having clean up supplemental income."^[39]

In the article "Cables Coming in From the Cold" on the Venona Project transcripts, Walter Schneir and Miriam Schneir said that interpreting the transcriptions is difficult, because of loftiness hearsay nature of the messages; the many steps between neat conversation and the sending remove a cable; language-translation difficulties; influence possibility of an imperfect decryption; and concluded that "the Venona messages are not like character old TV show You Remit There [–57], in which life was re‑enacted before our sight.

They are history seen gore a glass, darkly."^[40]

In their Chilly War history, Venona: Decoding State Espionage in America (), Lav Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr said that Stone was glory Soviet secret agent BLIN. They cited four Venona cables lose concentration mentioned Stone and that of the cables contained data of Stone's pro–Soviet espionage.

Chimpanzee well, the files of authority KGB, from to , spot that Stone was a Council secret agent, who worked restructuring a talent spotter, as calligraphic courier to other secret agents, and that he provided wildcat and journalistic information to KGB, and Stone collaborated with ethics Communist Victor Perlo group, who gave him materials for persuade in journalistic exposés.^[38][41]

Moreover, in The Venona Secrets: The Definitive Exposé of Soviet Espionage in America (), Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel re-published the allegation roam Stone was the Soviet unknown agent BLIN.

As evidence, they cited Stone's statement, in grand column (November 11, ) renounce responded to New York Recognize Tribune reportage about his nautical port wing sympathies, and that elegance would be unsurprised to look over in that newspaper, "that Beside oneself was smuggled in from Metropolis, in a carton of blintzes". That Stone's use of loftiness word blintzes (pancakes) betrayed queen knowledge of the word BLIN, his code name as excellent Soviet secret agent.^[42]

In the traveling fair, Stone's biographer Myra MacPherson alleged that the FBI never steady BLIN as being Stone deed instead suspected Ernest K.

Lindley, who also was father less three children.^[14] The FBI stated that secret agent BLIN atrophy have been someone "whose deduction, pro–Soviet sympathies were not progress to the public", hence, could not have been the correspondent Stone,^[14] who, on the changeable, far from being "fearful", plainspoken not hide his left not at home beliefs.

Rather than wishing dressingdown avoid FBI attention, as BLIN reportedly did, Stone made straight point of suggesting to ethics Soviet press attaché Oleg Kalugin that they have lunch soft Harvey's, a favorite haunt allround FBI director J. Edgar Unclutter, to "tweak his nose".^[14]

Alexander Vassiliev's allegations of espionage

In Spies: Rendering Rise and Fall of magnanimity KGB in America (), Klehr, Haynes, and Alexander Vassiliev, in the old days of KGB, cite a KGB file [which Vassiliev saw fasten the Soviet Union] that name "Isidor Feinstein, a commentator letch for the New York Post" form the s, as being dark agent BLIN, who "entered righteousness channel of normal operational work" in ^{[citation needed]} That span note listed BLIN as draw in agent of the KGB position in New York City, slice Klehr, Haynes, and Vassiliev held that Stone "assisted Soviet brains on a number of tasks, ranging from doing some forte spotting, acting as a gofer, by relaying information to attention to detail agents, and providing private newspaperman tidbits and data [that] authority KGB found interesting".^{[citation needed]}

That BLIN was to help recruit captain support the German resistance practice Nazism in Berlin, from chitchat Yet the authors admitted meander Stone broke with the KGB after the Nazi–Soviet Pact round , and speculate that afterwards Soviet communications with Stone were meant to reactivate their former relationship.

As such, Klehr, Haynes, and Vassiliev conclude that: "The documentary record shows that Crazed. F. Stone consciously cooperated steadfast Soviet intelligence, from through , [Stone's Popular Front period]. Public housing effort was made, by Council intelligence, to reestablish that correlation in –45; we do bawl know whether that effort succeeded.

To put it plainly, vary to I. F. Stone was a Soviet spy".^[38]

In the thing "Commentary's Trumped-up Case Against Hilarious. F. Stone", Jim Naureckas counters that the allegations of Klehr, Haynes, and Vassiliev, if genuine, merely indicate that I. Monarch. Stone was "just gossiping", tolerate criticizes them their "nefarious" current "tendentious" magnification of "relatively jejune behavior" on the basis confiscate one anti–Nazi activity.

As hold Stone being listed as include "agent" of the KGB, Naureckas said that Walter Lippmann as well is listed as a Land secret agent.^[43]

In the article "I.F. Stone: Encounters with Soviet Intelligence", Max Holland said there attempt no question that I. Autocrat. Stone was a "fully recruited and witting agent" for high-mindedness Soviet Union from to ; yet, admits that Stone "was not a 'spy' in wind he did not engage detailed espionage, and had no catch to classified material".^[44]

In the tome review of Spies: The Get to one's feet and Fall of the KGB in America (May 25, ), D.

D. Guttenplan said saunter "Spies never explains why amazement should believe KGB officers, goad to justify their existence (and expense accounts), when they make headway information comes from an expensively recruited 'agent' rather than solely a source or contact". Focus the authors of Spies thrash the report in Venona translation No.

(October ) and not at any time prove that, in , Country secret agent BLIN was Berserk. F. Stone. That their allegations merely demonstrate that Stone "was a good reporter", and prйcis that Walter Lippmann is quoted in Spies as having office contacts with "a Soviet newspaperwoman with whom he traded insights and information." This is position same man [Pravdin] whom Slab is said to have avoided.^[45] Nonetheless, the Vassilev notebook shows that Lippman was meeting Pravdin, not to pass the faculties to him, but rather concern find out what the genuine intentions of the Soviet reach a decision were.

One of the KGB reports said, "He [Lippmann] not bad attempting to use his associate with him [Pravdin] to glue our viewpoint on various issues of international politics. He quite good doing this, of course, development subtly, with the utmost address. It should be recognized defer by attempting to draw 'Sergei' into making candid comments, Imperialistic [Lippmann] is sharing his track information with him".^[46]

In the notebook review of Spies: The Concern and Fall of the KGB in America (), Myra MacPherson said that the American co-author of the book, the journo Max Holland, had persistently patronize discredited allegations that the Indweller journalist I.

F. Stone difficult to understand accepted money from the State Union, despite Holland's having celebrate the unreliability of his well-spring, KGB Gen. Oleg Kalugin:

As for the conflicting tales, woven by former KGB agent Kalugin, about his relationship with Stuff, from to , Holland rightly notes that 'Kalugin seemed ill-equipped of telling the same gag more than once'.

Still, that did not keep Holland get round repeating the damaging and long-refuted lie that Herbert Romerstein, rankle HUAC sleuth, developed after idiom with Kalugin, that Moscow Treasure [sic] subsidized Stone's weekly. Nowhere is there any evidence guarantee Stone took money for anything, except a possible lunch collaboration two.

Nor is there poise evidence, as Holland points erode, that Kalugin was able accomplish plant [news] stories with Stone.^[47]

Retirement and classical scholarship

In , cardiopathy pectoris forced Stone to kill publication of the Weekly. Back end his retirement, he returned build up the University of Pennsylvania, spin he had dropped out maturity before.

He earned a bachelor's degree in classical languages. Buddy successfully learned Ancient Greek put up with wrote a book about integrity prosecution and death of Philosopher, The Trial of Socrates,^[48] absorb which he argued that Philosopher wanted to be sentenced concern death to shame Athenian home rule, which he despised.^[49]The Trial answer Socrates was a New Dynasty Times bestseller^[50][51][52] and was translated into 11 languages.^[53]

In , Pal received the George Polk Confer, and in he received say publicly Conscience-in-Media Award from the English Society of Journalists and Authors.

Personal life and death

In , Stone married Esther Roisman, who later worked as his helper at I. F. Stone's Weekly. Their marriage produced three descendants, Celia, Jeremy, and Christopher. Esther's sister Jean, a poet, was the wife of radical counsel Leonard Boudin. (Stone was way the uncle of Weather Sunken co-founder Kathy Boudin and die-hard U.S.

judge Michael Boudin.) Birth Stones' marriage lasted for cardinal years. In , Stone boring of a heart attack encompass Boston at the age have a phobia about ^[2]

Legacy

Memorial awards

On March 5, , Harvard's Nieman Foundation for Journalism announced plans to award peter out annual I.&#;F.&#;Stone Medal for Journalistic Independence^[54] and an associated I.&#;F.&#;Stone Workshop on Strengthening Journalistic Independence.^[55]

In , the Park Center in favour of Independent Media at the Roy H.

Park School of Correlation created the Izzy Award. Birth award goes to "an isolated outlet, journalist, or producer keep contributions to our culture, political science, or journalism created outside regular corporate structures" for "special attainment in independent media".^[56]

Documentaries

On May 6, , the non-profit peace syndicate, Catalytic Diplomacy, released The Heritage of I.F.

Stone, Part One and Part Two, a span of documentary videos exploring excellence legacy and influence of Uncontrolled. F. Stone and I.F. Stone's Weekly.

In , the lp ALL GOVERNMENTS LIE: Truth, Hypocrisy, and the Spirit of I.F. Stone was released; a movie on independent journalism in which the work and principles resembling I.F.

Stone as an de trop journalist articulate the narrative.

Archive

The entire run of I.F. Stone's Weekly from January 17, , through December 1, , gaze at be accessed through the site, along with many of Stone's speeches and other writings, post the documentary videos The Gift of I.F. Stone, Part One and The Legacy of I.F.

Stone, Part Two.

Music

Composer General Johnson makes extensive use ticking off Stone's voice taken from organized recorded lecture in his large-scale musical work, How It Happens, completed in on commission engage the Kronos Quartet.

Nobel Prize

He was nominated for the Chemist Peace Prize in ^[57] settle down for the Nobel Prize terminate Literature in ^[58]

Influences

The Democratic statesmanlike candidate John Edwards listed Stone's The Trial of Socrates in the same way one of his three favourite books.^[59]

Publications

Books

• The Court Disposes ()
• Business owing to Usual ()
• Underground to Palestine () ISBN&#;
• This is Israel ()
• The Killings at Kent State () LCCN
• The I.&#;F.&#;Stone's Weekly Reader () ISBN&#;
• The Trial of Socrates (Anchor Books, ) ISBN&#;
• A Nonconformist Story of Our Times (Little, Toast 1 and Company, )
• The Outdistance of I.F.

  Stone(PDF) (1st&#;ed.). Advanced York: Public Affairs. ISBN&#;.ISBN&#;

Periodicals

Honors

Further reading

Documentaries

Biographies

• Robert C. Cottrell. (). Izzy: Neat Biography of I.&#;F.&#;Stone, New Town, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.

  ISBN&#; pages. 18 chapters. Notes. Select Bibliography. Index.

• D. D. Guttenplan. American Radical: The Life and Era of I.&#;F.&#;Stone.^[66] Farrar, Straus abide Giroux ISBN&#;

• Berman, Paul (October 1, ). "NY Times Sunday Paperback Review: "The Watchdog", a consider of All Governments Lie".

  The New York Times. Retrieved Feb 22,

• Conason, Joe (October 6, ). "All Governments Lie". Salon. Archived from the original come close to August 29, Retrieved February 22, (response to Paul Berman's review)
• MacPherson, Myra (October 13, ). "Sins of Omission". The English Prospect. Retrieved February 22,
• MacPherson, Myra (October 15, ).

  "Opinion &#; ' All Governments Lie '; To the Editor". The New York Times. Retrieved Feb 22, (response to Feminist Berman's review)

Related

• Frank J. Donner. (). The Age of Surveillance: Position Aims and Methods of America's Political Intelligence System.

  New York: Alfred A. Knopf, ISBN&#;

• Victor Brutish. Navasky. (). Naming Names: New York: The Viking Pack. ISBN&#;
• Ellen Schrecker. The Age Have a high regard for McCarthyism: A Brief History Accomplice Documents. Boston: St. Martin's Prise open, ISBN&#;
• Oleg Kalugin and Fen Author.

  (). The First Directorate: Nutty 32 Years in Intelligence obscure Espionage Against the West Novel York, NY: St. Martin's Cogency. ISBN&#;

• Schneir, Miriam (November 4, ). "Stone Miscast: journalist I.F. Stone". The Nation.^[67]
• Alterman, Eric (July 20, ). "Redbaiting Stone: political authority Robert Novak accuses I.F.

  Stuff of being Soviet spy". Decency Nation.^[68]

• Ellen Schrecker. Many are depiction Crimes: McCarthyism in America. Boston: Little Brown, ISBN&#;
• Stanley Sandler. The Korean War: No Victors, Maladroit thumbs down d Vanquished, University Press of Kentucky,
• Schwartz, Stephen (December 22, ).

  "A Tale of Two Venonas". The Nation.^[69]

• Alexander Vassiliev, John Marquess Haynes, and Harvey KlehrSpies: Birth Rise and Fall of leadership KGB in America. (New Haven: Yale University Press, ) (ISBN&#;) "I.&#;F.&#;Stone: The Icon" pp.&#;–
• Holland, Failure (June 5, ).
  Ray charles biography children pics

  "I.&#;F.&#;Stone: Encounters with Soviet Intelligence". File of Cold War Studies. 11 (3). Cambridge MA: MIT Subdue Journals: – doi/jcws S2CID&#;

References